**3. Challenges in adoption of speed breeding protocols**

The use of speed breeding techniques for crop improvement demands high infrastructure equipped with control facilities for temperature, photoperiod, humidity, and other factors. It requires the need for expertise/skilled technicians for the maintenance of experimental crops in controlled conditions [45]. Lack of modern tools/ techniques in underdeveloped countries, lack of continuous financial assistance, and unsupportive policies add up the concern toward adoption of speed breeding protocol in practice. Many experimental fields have reduced access toward a continuous supply of electricity. The use of energy-efficient LED bulbs and air conditioners under solar power with battery support may help to some extent for small infrastructures. The limited number of crosses and population is maintained under speed breeding due to high input and maintenance costs for infrastructure. Integrated research employing scientists from different organizations is needed to avoid duplications of work, minimize investments on resources, and help in support/sharing of specialized equipment.
