**3.4 Deja-2**

Growth type: Determine Flowering age: ± 37 days Ripe age: ± 80 days Hypocotyl color: Purple Epicotyl color: Purple Leaf color: Green Flower Color: Purple Fur color: Brown Pod skin color: Light Brown Seed coat color: Yellow Cotyledon color: Yellow Hilum color: Brown Leaf shape: Oval Leaf size: Medium Branching: 3 branches/ plant Number of pods per plant: ± 38 pods Plant height: ± 52.3 cm Mortality: lodging resistant Split pods: Pods do not break easily Seed size: Large 100 seed weight: ± 14.8 gram Seed shape: Oval Yield potential: 2.75 ton/ha Average—average yield: ±2.38 ton/ha Protein content: ±37.9% PCFat content: ±17.2% PCPest resistance: Susceptible to armyworm pest, moderately resistant to pod borer, moderately resistant to pod sucker, and slightly resistant to leaf rust disease. Description: Tolerant of water saturation stress from 14 days old until the cooking phase. Breeders: Suhartina, Purwantoro, Gatut Wahyu AS, Novita Nugrahaeni and Titik Sundari. Researcher: Abdullah T aufiq, Suharsono, A. Ghozi Manshuri, Eriyanto Yusnawan, and Kurnia Paramita. Proposers: Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (**Figure 11**).

#### **3.5 Gamasugeng-2**

This variety has a determinate growth type, which means that the plant is upright and flowers in unison. Some varieties have an indeterminate growing type, meaning that the plant spreads and the flowers appear gradually. While the semi-determinate type of growth is a plant that has an upright growth type the flowering is not simultaneous or the flowers appear gradually.

The Gamasugeng-2 variety has a flowering age of about 30 days and a ripening age of about 68 days. Hypocotyl purple, epicotyl green, flowers purple, fur brownish white, pod skin brown, seeds yellow, cotyledons green, plant height about 45 cm, number of branches 4–5 stems per plant, yield potential 2.6 t/ha, average seed yield 2.4 t/ha, medium seed size (11.5 g seed weight), 37.4% protein content and 13.2% fat content.

**Figure 11.** *Appearance of several Indonesian soybean varieties.*

*Soybean Cultivation Technology Innovation and Environmentally Friendly Pest Control in Paddy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109897*

Gamasugeng-2 variety, resistant to lodging, and resistant to leaf rust disease (*Phakospscora pachithyzi* Syd), resistant to brown leaf spot/blight (Cercospora), resistant to shoot borer (*Malanagromyza sojae*).

#### **3.6 Gamasugeng-1**

The Gamasugeng-1 variety is almost the same as the Gamasugeng-2 variety which were both released in 2013. and is the result of radiation of the Tidar variety at a dose of 200 gray. Determinate growth type with a flowering age of 30 days and maturity of 66 days. The hypocotyl is purple, the epicotyl is green, the flower is purple, the pod skin is brownish white, the seed coat is bright yellow, the cotyledons are green, and the helium is green. The number of branches is 4–5 branches per plant, the number of pods per plant is 52 pods, the plant height is 45 cm, it is resistant to lodging, and the seeds contain 37.6 and 13.2% fat content.

Gamasugeng-1 variety has medium seed size (11.5 g in 100 seed weight), 2.60 t/ ha seed yield potential, round seeds, resistant to leaf rust disease (*Phakospscora pachithyzi* Syd), resistant to brown leaf spot/blight (Cercospora), resistant to shoot borer (*Malanagromyza sojae*).

#### **3.7 Detam 4 prida**

Determinate growth type, flowering age 36 days, harvest age 76 days, hypocotyl purple color, epicotyl green color, flower purple color, fur color brown, pod skin color brown, seed skin color black, cotyledon color white, helium color white, leaf shape oval (triangular), oval seed shape, plant height 53.2 cm, number of pods per plant 55 pods, moderately tolerant to lodging and moderately tolerant to breaking of pods.

This variety has a medium seed size (11.0 g in 100 seeds), a potential seed yield of 2.90 t, an average seed yield of 2.50 t, the seeds have a protein content of 40.3%, and a fat content of 19.2%.. Moderately resistant to pod-sucking pests, moderately resistant to rust, early maturing and drought tolerant.

#### **3.8 Detam 3 prida**

The Detam 3 Prida variety was released in 2013 which was the result of crossselection between the W9837 and Cikuray lines. Determinate growth type, flowering age 34 days, ripening age 75 days, hypocotyl purple color, epicotyl green color, flower purple color, fur color brown, pod skin color brown, seed skin color black, cotyledon color white, leaf shape oval (triangular), plant height 56.9 cm, somewhat tolerant of lodging, moderately tolerant of pod splitting, oval seed shape and number of pods per plant 51 pods. The potential seed yield per hectare is 3.20 t, while the average seed yield per hectare is 2.90 t, has a medium seed size (100 seeds weigh 11.8 g), the seeds have a protein content of 36.4% and a fat content of 16.7%. This variety is sensitive to pod-sucking pests, sensitive to rust.

#### **3.9 Dering-1**

The variety was released in 2012 and is a single cross-product of the Davros x MLG 2984 superior variety. It has a determinate growth type. Flowering age 35 days after planting and harvest age 81 days after planting. Plant height 57 cm, brown fur color, oval leaf shape, purple hypocotyl color, purple epicuticle color, purple flower

color, brown pod skin color, yellow seed skin color, helium seed color, dark cotyledon color, resistance to fall, number of branches 3–6 Batang per plant. Having a medium seed size (weight of 100 seeds 10.7 g), the potential yield of seeds is 2.80 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 2.0 t/ha, and the seeds have a protein content of 34.2% and fat content of 17.1%.

These varieties are resistant to pod borer (*Etiella zinckenella*) and susceptible to armyworm (*Spodoptera litura*), resistant to leaf rust disease (*Phakospscora pachithyzi* Syd), and tolerant of dryness during the reproductive phase.

#### **3.10 Gema**

The Gema variety was released in 2011 which was the result of the crossing of Shirome's introduction with the Wilis variety. According to type, varieties have determinate growth types with light brown feathers, purple cotyledon colors, purple hypocotyl colors, green epicuticle colors, and white cotyledon colors. This echo variety has a plant height of 55 cm, a medium size (weighs 100 seeds 11.90 g), a flowering age of 35 days, harvests 73 days, a yield potential of 3.06 t/ha, and an average yield of 2.47 seeds t/ha. Brown pod color, purple flower color, round seed shape, light yellow seed skin color, and brown helium color. The seeds have a protein content of 39.07% and fat content of 19.11%.

The echo variety is sensitive to leaf viruses (CMMV) and moderate rust. Besides that, the variety is also rather sensitive to pod-sucking pests, rather resistant to pod borer, and moderate to armyworm pests.

#### **3.11 Varietas gepak kuning**

The variety was released in 2008 which is a selection of local varieties of Gepak Kuning. Determinant growth type, purple hypocotyl color, green epicuticle color, purple flower color, greenish young yellow seed color, old brown pod color, brown stem fur color, tagak branching, and oval leaf shape. Plant height of 55 cm, age of flowering 28 days, age of cooking 73 days, have small seed size (weight of 100 seeds 8.25 g), potential yield of 2.86 t/ha, and the average yield of seeds 2.22 t/ha. In this variety, the seeds have a protein content of 35.38% and fat content of 15.10%.

Gepak Kuning varieties are rather resistant to armyworms, Aphis sp., and leaf scavengers of Phaedonia sp. Adapt well to paddy fields and tegal land both in the rainy season and in the dry season.

#### **3.12 Varietas grobogan**

The Grobogan variety was released in 2008 which is a local population purification of Malabar Grobogan. It has a determinate growth type, purple hypocotyl color, purple epicuticle color, brown bark color, purple flower color, brown old pod color, lanceolate leaf shape, and helium brown cocoa color. Plant height 50–60 cm, flowering age 30–32 days, age of cooked pods 76 days, have large seed size (weight of 100 seeds, 18 g), seed yield potential of 3.40 t/ha, and an average yield of seeds 2, 77 t/ha. The seeds have a fat content of 18.4% and a protein content of 43.9%. Adapts well to several different growing environmental conditions. Having pods is not easily broken, and at harvest, the leaves are shed 95–100%.

*Soybean Cultivation Technology Innovation and Environmentally Friendly Pest Control in Paddy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109897*

#### **3.13 Varietas Detam-2**

The variety was released in 2008 which was a selection of intra-line crossings introduced 9837 with Wilis. Determinant type of growth, purple hypocotyl color, green epicuticle color, purple flower color, dark brown pod color, purple stem hair color, black seed skin color, helium cocoa color, oval leaf shape, oval shape, and brightness of dull seed skin. Age of flowering is 34 days, cooking age of pods 82 days, plant height is 57 cm, medium size (weight 100 seeds 13.54 g), potential yield of 2.96 t/ha, and yield of seeds 2.46 t/ha. The seeds have a protein content of 45.56% and fat content of 14.83%. The nature of resistance to pests, rather resistant to pod suckers, this variety is sensitive to armyworms. Other properties are rather resistant to drought.

#### **3.14 Varietas Detam-1**

Detam-1 variety was released in 2008, which was the result of the selection of crossing lines introduced in 9817 with Kawi. This variety has a determinant growing type, purple hypocotyl color, green epicuticle color, purple flower color, light brown stems, old pods of dark brown skin, black seed skin color, yellow cotyledon color, slightly round leaf shape, skin brightness shiny seeds.

This variety also has a plant height of 58 cm, a flowering age of 35 days, a ripe pod age of 84 days, a large seed size (weight of 100 seeds 14.84 g), a yield potential of 3.45 t/ ha, and an average yield of 2 seeds, 51 t/ha, the seeds have a protein content of 45.36% and fat content of 33.06%. The nature of resistance to pests is sensitive to armyworms and somewhat resistant to pod suckers and other properties rather sensitive to drought.

#### **3.15 Varietas anjasmoro**

Anjasmoro variety was released in 2001 which was the result of mass selection from the population of the full-fledged Mansusia line. It has purple hypocotyl color, purple epicuticle color, white stem hair color, purple flower color, yellow seed skin color, light brown pod color, and helium color of brownish lining seeds.

This variety also has oval leaves, wide leaf size, determine the growing type, flowering age 35–39 days, aged pod pods 82–92 days, plant height 64–68 cm, number of branches 2–5 branches, has a large seed size (weight of 100 seeds 14.8–15.3 g). The seeds have a protein content of 41.8–42.1%, a content is 17.2–18.6%, and does not hold down. Anjasmoro varieties are moderate to leaf rust, and pods are not easily broken.

#### **3.16 Varietas mahameru**

This variety was released in 2001 which was the result of the mass selection of a population of pure Mansuria strains. It has purple hypocotyl color, purple epicuticle color, white stem hair color, purple color, yellow seed skin color, brown pod color, brownish yellow helium color, oval leaf shape, wide leaf size, and determine growth type. Flowering age 36–39 days, and the age of pod pods 83–94 days.

The Mahameru variety has a plant height of 62–64 cm, branches of 2–5 branches, several books 12–15 books, size of seeds (large seeds) with a weight of 100 seeds 16.5–17.0, pods are not easily broken, and resistant fall down The seeds have a protein content of 42.9–44.3%, and fat content of 17.3–18.2%. Another characteristic of this variety is that it is moderate to leaf rust.

#### **3.17 Kaba**

This variety was released in 2001 which was the result of a double crossing of 16 elders. It has purple hypocotyl, green epicotyls, yellow cotyledons, brown stems, purple flowers, yellow seed coat, brown pods, brown helium seeds, and oval-shaped seeds..

The Kaba variety has a determinant growing type, a plant height of 66 cm, a flowering age of 35 days, ages of mature pods of 88 days, medium-sized seeds (weight of 100 seeds 10.37 g), seed yields of 2.13 t per ha, have 44.0, 8.0% fat content, resistant to fall, rather resistant to leaf rust disease, has pods that are not easily broken and adaptive to paddy fields.

#### **3.18 Burangrang**

This variety released in 1999 originating from natural cross aggregates, taken from farmers' plants in Jember, is the result of pure line selection, three generations of segregation. Burangrang varieties have purple hypocotyls, yellowish brown feathers, purple flowers, yellow seeds, bright helium seeds, oblong-shaped leaves, and pointed edges.

Burangrang variety has determined growing type, the number of branches of 1–2 branches, age of 35 days of flowering, age of pods aged 80–82 days, plant height of 60–70 cm, large size seeds (weight of 100 seeds 16 g), seed yields ranging from 1.6–2.5 t/ha, has a 39% protein content, 20% fat content, not easy to fall, tolerant of leaf rust disease. This variety is suitable for raw materials for soy milk, tempeh, and tofu.

#### **3.19 Argomulyo**

This variety was released in 1998 from the introduction of Thailand by PT. Nstle Indonesia in 1998 by the name of Nakhon Sawan 1. Has purple hypocotyl, brown fur, purple flower color, yellow seed coat, bright white helium seed, determined growing type, 35-day flowering age, 80-age harvest 82 days, plant height 40 cm, number of branches per plant 3–4 stems from the main stem, having a large seed size (weight 100 seeds 16.0 g), having seed yield of 1.5–2.0 t/ha, has a protein content of 39.4%, has a fat content of 20.8%, has resistance to falling. In addition, the Argomulyo variety is tolerant of leaf rust and this variety is suitable for soy milk raw materials.

### **4. Conclusion**

The soybean cultivation system carried out by farmers in paddy fields in South Sulawesi using environmentally friendly technology has a quite high potential. This is supported by the availability of organic materials which are quite widely available around farmers' fields such as straw, cow dung, and cow urine (bio urine). These raw materials are processed by farmers into organic fertilizers for use in soybean cultivation to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Similarly, in controlling pests and diseases, farmers use raw materials from extracted plants to become vegetable insecticides. This control technique has high potential because the raw materials are widely available in nature, such as areca nut, cashew skin, clove flower, mengkuduh fruit, betel leaf, srikaya leaf, neem seeds, yam seeds, saponins, pine lantana, and tobacco leaves. The advantages of the soybean cultivation technology developed by farmers in South Sulawesi include being more efficient because the raw materials are from nature and do not need to be purchased at high prices such as using chemicals.

*Soybean Cultivation Technology Innovation and Environmentally Friendly Pest Control in Paddy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109897*

Besides that, other advantages of the soybean cultivation technique used by farmers are that it is more environmentally friendly because the organic fertilizers used by farmers are the raw materials from plant residues and livestock manure such as straw and cow urine (bio urine). Likewise, the control of plant pests carried out by farmers in South Sulawesi uses raw materials from plants and biological microorganisms so it is more environmentally friendly than using chemicals. However, there are also drawbacks to the soybean cultivation technology used by farmers, including the time needed for the manufacturing process and the availability of some raw materials used by farmers in nature is limited, so they need to be developed through cultivation, such as neem seeds, areca nut, and sugar apple seeds. In general, the soybean cultivation technology used by farmers in South Sulawesi has greater prospects and opportunities to be developed as a whole in Indonesia, which has a tropical climate.
