**4.7 Nutritional value of Tartary buckwheat for humans and activity evaluation of its major flavonoids**

Tartary buckwheat, which is produced mostly in northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and central Europe, has been found to be more cold resistant and drought tolerant than regular ones. The phenolic compounds, resistant starch, and protein contained in grains, as well as interactions between these constituents, are largely responsible for reduction of the risk of a number of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, and gallstone formation. Tartary buckwheat is resistant to pests, plant diseases, and UV-B radiation because it contains flavonoids such as rutin, vitexin, orientin, and quercetin, as well as other phenolic compounds [119].
