**2. Role of flavonoids in plant development**

Polyphenols are a wide class of phenolic chemicals that includes flavonoids. Phenolic chemicals were important during evolution because they helped plants for the adaptation to life on land. At least 6000 molecules make up the flavonoid family, which could be split into, aurones, phlobaphenes, isoflavonoids, flavonols, flavones, anthocyanins, and flavonols [9]. The general phenylpropanoid route is utilized to produce these compounds from the starting compound phenylalanine. Several divisions of the general phenylpropanoid pathway supply precursors for synthesizing hundreds of chemicals. Lignins are structural polymers that give the secondary cell wall strength and stiffness and are necessary for waterproofing vascular cells [10]. Anthocyanin

**Figure 2.** *Biosynthetic route for phenolic compounds.*

pigments are generated from the flavylium cation (2-phenyl benzo pyrylium) and are glycosylated anthocyanidin precursors, as shown below in **Figure 2**.

This subgroup contains at least 400 molecules that range in hue dependent on pH, co-pigmentation, obtainable positive metallic ion, and backbone alterations. The color ranges from orange-red to purple. They are synthesized in the ground plasm and subsequently stored in the follicle. They are also present in cell membranes, chloroplasts, centers, and even the extracellular space, depending on the plant types, material, or phase of progress. Flavonoids, and phenolic chemicals, play a role in biotic stress resistance [11]. Since most of these chemicals have antibacterial and pesticide capabilities, serving as a vile and preventing pest progress and change, they may be constitutively produced or gather in retort to the bacterial incursion. In addition to their many activities in plants, Flavonoids have a wide range of medical, pharmacological, and nutritional qualities, earning them the moniker "nutraceutical" chemicals [12]. These metabolites provide promise for the prevention of a variety of illnesses, including cancer. They cause cancer cells to die, stimulate DNA repair, protect them from oxidative stress, and prevent cancer cells from multiplying [13].
