*4.3.3 Role of anthocyanins in promoting human health*

Anthocyanins may play a beneficial role in human health, according to numerous research. They function as neuroprotective agents and have antidiabetic and antiobesity properties. These substances could be helpful in lowering inflammation and protecting the heart [34]. Additionally, they appear to be effective in halting and preventing the spread of cancer. The biological activity of anthocyanins in rats was recently confirmed by a study by Vanzo and colleagues [35], where the ability of anthocyanins to influence mammalian metabolism was shown in an investigation of metabolomic changes in the brain and plasma of adult rats after intravenously administering cy-3- glc [36]. In the blood, kidneys, and liver of rats, it was demonstrated that cy-3-glc changes a number of significant cellular metabolites, including bile acids, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and certain lipids [35]. Due to the high anthocyanin concentration in blueberries, this fruit may be a food that improves or promotes health. Routray and Orsat [37] provided evidence for this in a study that analyzed a number of factors related to the potential health effects of anthocyanins, emphasizing understanding [35].

Prebiotics present in brown rice, such as arabinoxylan and -glucan, are advantageous for the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that make up the human gut microbiota. They are thought to play a part in creating an anti-obesity impact. Additionally, brown rice was employed as a preventative measure for type 2 diabetes due to its antidiabetic benefits. This is probably because one of their constituents, −oryzanol, is crucial in regulating the ER stress brought on by a high-fat diet in the hypothalamus, which aids in lowering the desire for fatty foods. Additionally, brown rice's oryzanol has been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels and stop pancreatic cells from dying. Through their antioxidant action, dietary rice brans, which give brown rice its brown color, also demonstrate powerful anticancer properties [37, 38].
