**6. Role of flavonoids in pest control**

There is an ever-growing demand for natural pesticides from plants. As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, flavonoids are being used to develop new pesticides. A variety of insect larvae can be prevented from growing if they are inhibited by these compounds [75]. It is known that some flavonoids inhibit the production of juvenile hormone which is involved in molting and reproduction in several insects [76]. A number of flavonoids have been shown to suppress agricultural pest activity, such as oviposition, fecundity, mortality, weight reduction, and the emergence of adults [77, 78]. In their article, Lena Schnarr et al. [79] reported 281 different pesticidal active flavonoids that were investigated in either pure form or as extracts containing flavonoid, with the most studied compounds being quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin and their glycosides [79]. In another study, Quercetin, rutin, and naringin were all effective in controlling *Eriosoma lanigerum* Hausmann nymphs and adults. An integrated management program for this aphid can use these products as an insecticide [80]. Flavonoids may have an insecticidal effect depending on their concentration; if too low, they are ineffective [81]; as a result, it is crucial to determine the minimum concentration for flavonoids to be effective [79, 81].
