**Figure 1.**

*Adapted from Hossari and Elfahli [17].*

success, thus resulting in the organization obtaining sustainable benefits from those successful environmental strategies. Moreover, Muisyo and Ho [7] define green competitive advantage as a situation in which the firm holds a position on environmental management and green innovation that cannot be imitated or copied by competitors, and this consequently plows in sustainable benefits to the firm. Additionally, Kuo et al. [21] defined green competitive advantage as environmental strategies that successfully develop environmental practices that competitors cannot replicate. Thus, green competitive advantage is considered as a combination of factors and capabilities that allow the company to occupy a distinct position in the environmental era.

Although environmental initiatives often come with costs and risk, environmental strategies help companies gain a competitive advantage [22]. Thus, intelligent firms utilize ecological strategies for shaping their green competitiveness [23]. Sarfraz et al. [24] states that organizations incorporate environmental concerns into their operations as it can create a competitive advantage for the company in the long run. Thus, environmental concerns may create opportunities and give competitive advantages to companies [25].
