*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105608 Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case of the Provision of Recreational Facilities*

stakeholders of private operators and four of the government officials were covered for the qualitative phase because they were the ones that indicated interest and were interviewed. The study participants were well selected for this purpose, as discussed in the next section.

Whilst purposeful sampling is used to obtain information from the specific target, the best position to provide the information required is adequately represented in the study [39, 40]. The face to face technique was adopted, three participants representing the state government and one representing the federal, while one was an employee of a private organisation, the other two were operating on a leased area from the government.

#### *2.3.1 Sampling design*

Qualitative sampling is drawn from information factors rather than the number of participants [41, 42]. Elements involved in qualitative sampling: (1) setting the boundaries to define aspects of the subject under investigation within the limit of time and resources, and (2) creating a frame to discover, confirm, and qualify the basic construct on the foundation of study [43]. Purposive sampling was used for this qualitative study (**Table 1**).


**Table 1.** *Interview outlines.*

#### *2.3.2 Data collection*

The interviews were conducted between 1st and 15th March 2019. The informants explained the scope of their work as well as the objectives and strategies implemented by their organisation in the public participation process. They were into two categories, the Ministries Departments and Agencies and, the stakeholders being the private providers/operators. The interviews were recorded by a recorder and each lasted between 40 min and 120 min. Most of the interviews were held at the interviewee's office. The interviews were in English. However, the themes of the interviews were generally the same concerning the provision of recreational facilities according to their operational capacity, because all the interviews followed a list of issues decided by the researcher as can be referred to in **Table 1**.

#### *2.3.3 Data analysis*

The interview data analysis used a framework technique developed for applied Policy research [40]. A framework technique involves a systematic process with five stages of data analysis.

#### *2.3.3.1 Familiarisation*

In this process, all recorded interviews were transcribed into data transcripts. The interview tape was listened to more than once to ensure the validity of the transcripts and was saved on the computer. The transcripts were sent to the interviewees for comment to ensure they had been interpreted correctly. All interviewees agreed with the interpretation of their satisfaction. Then, all essential ideas and recurrent themes from interviews were placed on a list and were later used at the thematic framework stage [40].

#### *2.3.3.2 Identifying a thematic framework*

The thematic framework was developed from the transcribing and text reading during the familiarisation stage. It is the first version of the indexing process; all themes come from prior and emergent issues raised by the researcher and the respondents. This stage is important for ensuring that the research questions are fully addressed [28].

The thematic network is adopted which was informed by the processes of document sorting, quotation, coding and group coding, which themes by linking the associate codes. The validation is affected by groundedness and linkages, where the strength of linkages is determined by the number and appearance of codes from the number of quotations derived from the documents. The explanations thus;

Documents: This represented the data that were inserted into the software atlas ti for the project as text. Each document at entry point receives a successive number preceded by the letter D.

Quotations: quotations are selected parts of data, which the researcher deemed important for analysis, hence facilitated the coding.

Codes: codes integrate the data contained in a set of similar quotations. The code interprets information in more detail and also to summarise the data coded from each code.

Code Groups: groups indicate the group of information from codes forming codes group serving as theme. It can also be created based on content that has been coded.

Networks: this is the visualise of the links that have been created during the process of coding, which also incorporates some analytic functions as associates

#### *DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105608 Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case of the Provision of Recreational Facilities*

linking code groups or code, and expressed ability of importing neighbouring or co-occurring data.

Data Export: the processed information informed of network and the validation table were exported to text files for the report.
