**5. Theoretical and empirical implications**

This study has a number of contributions for researchers and practitioners. From a theoretical perspective, the findings of this research make important contributions to the literature of GHRM and green competitive advantage. First, our study contributes to advancing the resource-based view while highlighting what causes green competitive advantage. Second, this study advances the GHRM-GCA link literature by considering the mediating effect of green knowledge, commitment, and values, yet to the best of our knowledge, no efforts have been made to study these three assets as mediators between GHRM and GCA. Thus, by applying the RBV to the GHRM-GCA link, we suggest that green commitment, values, and knowledge are critical resources that should be valued so that it becomes difficult for competing companies to imitate the firm's environmental success.

From a practical perspective, through the conceptual model presented in this study, the researchers intended to provide a guide for companies, illustrating the potential impact of GHRM on GCA based on previous research. Therefore, companies can use GHRM as a strategy to create and improve environmentally conscious human resources and to gain a competitive advantage over competitors. Additionally, managers should also consider the crucial role of spreading green knowledge, values, and commitment with GHRM so that employees will have a deeply embedded green culture. To enhance employee green knowledge, commitment, and values, managers should play a part in developing green programs such as training, empowerment, compensation et performance appraisal to create a context in which employees are motivated and committed toward green programs. To conclude, this study adds to our knowledge of a new causal mechanism for how GHRM could be a source of green competitive advantage.

In conclusion, this study forms a strong grounding for enterprises to roll out GHRM and become competitive in the market while showing concern for the environment. We have presented a framework for GHRM-CGA link. Future research that explores this cohort would certainly be of value to enhance understanding in this area.
