**5.2 Hereditary susceptibility**

A study revealed that 15–20% of HGSOC patients have germline *BRCA1* and/or *BRCA2* mutations, which necessitates conducting germline testing on first-degree

**Figure 1.** *Histologic distribution of ovarian cancer.*

relatives to identify carriers [19]. Furthermore, it has been found that by the age of 80, the cumulative risk of EOC is about 44% and 17% in *BRCA1* and *BRCA2* mutation carriers respectively [20]. Therefore, such carriers are recommended to have a prophylactic risk-reduction surgery after childbearing, when the risk begins to increase. Apart from the above-mentioned genes, other genes with moderate penetrance include *RAD51C, RAD51D,* and *BR1P1*, which cumulatively are responsible for about 5% of EOC. Thus, genetic testing for HGSOC includes *BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BR1P1* and in the nearest future *TP53* detection in blood and uterine lavage [1, 21].
