**2. High-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs)**

High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) account for 70% of ovarian carcinomas and represent the most aggressive and chemoresistant epithelial ovarian neoplasms. Most patients are postmenopausal women and admitted to the hospital at advanced clinical stage (80%) with extra-ovarian metastasis and thus with a high incidence of mortality around 70–80% globally [22].

Common predisposition factors are infertility, menopausal hormonal therapy and the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome characterised mostly by germline *BRCA1/2* genomic alterations [23] and less frequently (2%) by germline genomic alterations in other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes such as *ATM, BRIP1, RAD51C* and *RAD51D* [24, 25].
