*2.5.1 Mechanisms*

High consumption of animal fats could increase colonic production of primary bile acids, which undergo degradation by anaerobic bacteria in the large bowel, and result in the formation of carcinogenic secondary bile acids including deoxycholic and lithocholic acids. High concentrations of these compounds could lead to increased colonocytes proliferation, through the production of ROS, thereby increasing the risk of mutation and malignant transformation [17].

Low intake or avoidance of red/processed meat, sugar/fat diet, fast foods, and sugar-sweetened drinks, alcohol, smoking, and animal fats is encouraged, as these could reduce the risk of CRC.
