**4. Binge drinking**

Binge drinking is a preventable serious public health problem.

Binge drinking is one of the most common and costly problems in the United States. If a man drinks 5 or more drinks at a party, while a woman drinks 4 or more drinks at a party [54], then this work is considered binge drinking. The proportion of "alcoholic youth" drinking is higher than that of "alcoholic adults", increasing from 50% between the ages of 12 and 14 to 72% between the ages of 18 and 20 [55].

Some people only drink, and they will not have the disease of alcohol use.

Again, some people who consume alcohol, are associated with an increased risk of various diseases from alcohol.

But binge drinking is a harmful risk behavior related to serious injury or many diseases.

### **4.1 Binge drinking is common**

In the United States, one in six adults consumes at least 25 percent of alcohol each week.

Binge drinking is an approach where excess alcohol is blamed and more than ninety percent of adults in the United States are responsible for excessive drinking. From 1993 to 2001, the number of binge drinking episodes among U.S. adults increased from about 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion [56].

Binge drinking is mainly seen in young people who are between 18 and 34 years old. In general, men drink twice as much as women.

Excessive drinking is more common in adults with higher family incomes.

There are some groups or states for whom binge drinking is not common, but they drink frequently, i.e., consume alcohol frequently and in large quantities.

### **4.2 The stages of alcohol use disorder**

Alcohol use that turns into a use disorder develops in stages [57].

*At-risk stage:* When you are suffering from stress and depression and you think about how to get rid of it, then you choose alcohol as the only way to get rid of it and start drinking socially. As a result, you become addicted to alcohol by concentrating on alcohol consumption.

*The Physiological Effect of Excessive Indulgence: Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109099*

*Early alcohol use disorder:* In this session, you will secretly start thinking about alcohol because of your drinking mentality and you will move towards the blackout.

*Mid-stage alcohol use disorder:* At this stage, the level of your alcohol consumption goes out of your range. As a result, he got involved in various problems in his daily life. You can find out about the damage to your various organs through lab and scan tests.

*End-stage alcohol use disorder:* At this point, you give up all your happiness and comfort and focus only on drinking. Which is why you are slowly moving towards death with organ damage.

### **4.3 How many binge drinks are consumed?**

One out of every four adults in the United States drinks alcohol and they drink at least eight drinks on the occasion of a binge.

In total,17.5 billion adults drink bean sprouts a year. Adults drink 467 binge drinks each year. Four out of every five drinks are drunk by men [58].

Most people 21 years of age or younger drink alcohol and they consume large amounts of alcohol. Forty-four percent of high school students drink eight or more drinks in a row [59, 60].

### **4.4 Binge drinking is associated with many health problems, including**

Binge drinking is associated with many health problems such as Unintentional injuries were motor vehicle collisions, burns, alcohol, poisoning, homicide, suicide, intimate partner violence, sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, poor pregnancy resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth Diseases, sudden infant death, chronic diseases such as hypertension, stroke, liver disease, breast cancer seen in women, liver, colon, rectum, mouth, pharynx, and esophagus, including memory and learning problems, etc.

### **4.5 Effects of binge drinking on the developing brain ailments**

Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol drinking those results in a .08% alcohol concentration in a person's blood. The amount of alcohol consumed is five alcoholic drinks for men and four alcoholic drinks for women in about 120 minutes. This binge drinking occurs mainly in adolescents and young adults because they are taking heavy drinking with high frequency (i.e., 5 or more days in the past 30 days).

Neuron maturation occurs during the development of puberty that young adults are passing through. Magnetic resonance imaging has reported linear and nonlinear changes in Gray-matter and white-matter volume and thickness during development [54].

Both Gray matter and cortical Gray matter volumes decrease during adolescence when they are affected by binge drinking [61, 62]. Because of the low amount of Gray matter in the brain, which is related to Alzheimer's disease, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [63]**.** Although some studies have shown an increase in Gray-matter volume or thickness in binge drinks in adolescents, by the concomitant marijuana effect [64, 65]. If Gray matter increases the density it helps to higher processing and also increases mental development [66].

Other hands the development increase of white matter volume many times perceive in adolescence who binge drink. The microstructure of white matter has mixed results showing increased and decreased fractional anisotropy. Binge drinkers could lead to low task performance because of the risk of phenotype and inhibition of memory response during decision-making and reward response.


So, bring drinking effected on functional and anatomical changes in the brain. These are given below.

In the United States in 2014, 1.5 million adolescents (ages 12 to 17) and 13.2 million young adults (ages 18 to 25) were addicted to alcohol, with a percentage of 6.1% and 37.7%. 257,000 adolescents and 3.8 million young adults reported that they drank large amounts of alcohol and their percentage of 1 % and 10.8%. in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
