**4.6 Latex agglutination test (LAT)**

This is a commonly used test utilizing antigen–antibody interactions employing specific antigen or antibody and is mostly useful under the field conditions. Here, the property of agglutination of polystyrene beads coated with either specific antigen or antibody on their surface is used with anti-CPV monoclonal and polyclonal antibody to detect CPV-2 in the stool samples. Earlier it has been used for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of CPV in suspected dog feces. Also, a recombinant VP2 protein-based LAT for determination of immune status in dogs against CPV-2. Besides LAT, a slide agglutination inhibition test has been used to detect the presence of CPV-specific antibodies by utilizing the agglutination property of CPV-2 [59].
