**Abstract**

Malignant melanoma is one of the most important tumors in dogs and is highly metastatic and aggressive disease. In recent years, molecular knowledge regarding canine melanoma has increased, and some chromosomal imbalances and tyrosine kinase pathways have been identified to be dysregulated. Mxoreover, canine melanoma is an immunogenic tumor that provides opportunities to administer immunotherapy to the patient. Podoplanin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CSPG4) are markers against which monoclonal antibodies have been developed and tested in dogs *in vivo* with promising results. Owing to the importance of canine melanoma in the veterinary oncology field, this chapter reviews the most important aspects related to immunological involvement in the prognosis and treatment of canine melanoma.

**Keywords:** dogs, immunotherapy, immune system, melanocytic tumors, T-cells
