Preface

The history of dogs and humans dates back thousands of years. It is believed that dogs were the first species domesticated by humans, possibly as early as 15,000 years ago. In the beginning, dogs were used as working animals for different activities, including hunting, herding, and guarding livestock. Over time, dogs evolved into companions and became valued members of human families. In the modern era, dogs continue to serve as companions, working dogs, and service animals and have become an integral part of human society. Advances in veterinary medicine and the study of animal behavior have led to a deeper understanding of the relationship between dogs and humans. Among the advances, it is important to highlight improvements in dog cancer treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy, and advances in surgical techniques, including minimally invasive procedures. The development of new diagnostic tools, such as genetic testing and imaging technologies, and an increased understanding of the gut microbiome and its role in canine health are some of the most recent advances in canine health care. Advances in preventive care, including personalized vaccine protocols and nutrigenomics, have also gained importance.

For all these reasons, new studies with advances related to canine medicine are essential for improving dog care. This book discusses recent advances in canine medicine with a collection of chapters focused on different areas of canine medicine, including, infectious and degenerative diseases, immunology, and cancer. I would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions. I am also grateful to the staff at IntechOpen for all their support. Thank you so much.

> **Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves** Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University – UNIP, Botucatu, Brazil

Section 1
