**Abstract**

Cereals are essential for human nutrition. However, the ever-increasing world population makes it difficult to maintain the cereal production and consumption security. It is essential to overcome this situation by increasing cereal yield. An additional issue is the fact that while some countries suffer from hunger, a significant amount of food is discarded in others. This study analyses both production and consumption of cereals with the goal of ensuring food security. On the production side, many developing countries lack production capacity in contrast to developed countries. This is mainly due to a lack of capital, technology and human resources skills. In this study, we first theoretically demonstrated a cereal production gap between developing and developed countries. Second, we performed an empirical analysis to confirm the theoretical demonstration. On the consumption side, we focused on the cause of food loss and waste. We apply economic theories to demonstrate the situation where food loss and waste are occurring in the market. Then we introduced the related data to interpret the current world situation. Finally, we discussed the potential measures to improve cereal production and consumption.

**Keywords:** cereals, rice, wheat, maise, production, yield
