**1. Introduction**

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), often known as "venereal diseases," are among the most contagious diseases and are caused by a variety of microorganisms that differ in symptomology, size, life cycle, and treatment susceptibility. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa are indeed the pathogens of STDs [1, 2].

These germs can spread from one person to another through blood, sperm, vaginal, and other physiological fluids. As a result, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are passed from one person to the next by close physical contact, primarily but not solely through sexual intercourse. Ejaculation does not have to occur for STIs to be transmitted from person to person [1, 3].

Nonsexual transmission of these infections happens often from mother to newborn during pregnancy and childbirth, through blood transfusions, and through the sharing of unsterilized needles. Any sexually active individual should discuss his or her risk factors for STIs with health professionals and ask to get a test because anyone may have an STI even without showing any symptoms [1].

Although some infections, including meningitis, can be transmitted through sexual contact, they are not considered STDs because the germs that cause meningitis can already be found in the body or in the environment, and people can get the disease for a variety of reasons [1, 2].

The prevalence of STDs remains high in poor nations, with emerging countries bearing a disproportionate share of the burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 374 million new infections with one of four STIs will occur in 2020, which indicates that there are almost 1 million STIs acquired every day. The most prevalent STI is Chlamydia, which accounts for 129 million new infections each year. Gonorrhea has 82 million new infections per year, and syphilis has 42 million new infections annually [3].

Common bacterial STIs may affect the anorectum and perianal skin. Some of these infections are a result of the contiguous spread of sexual intercourse. Worldwide, the incidence of bacterial STIs has shown a gradual increase in recent years. The fast spread of these infections may be due to their varied clinical presentation, which includes pharyngeal, rectal, and urogenital involvement, as well as a significant number of asymptomatic cases [4, 5].

The symptoms of STIs differ between individuals depending on the causative pathogens, and commonly, many people may not experience any symptoms at all. Immediate initiation of STIs treatment is important to minimize the long-term complications of STIs and also prevent the transmission of infections to other people. Common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases are Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis [1].
