**1. Introduction**

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) surveillance is key to understand the surveillance and the burden of these diseases in pediatrics. In this chapter, we will be presenting the key features of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in general and focus on the pediatric population. Pediatric aspects of sexually transmitted diseases are important because these are the basis for the development of new public health tools for prevention. Most of these diseases can be treated; nevertheless, the continuous use of antibiotic therapy is already giving trouble with antibiotic resistance as it is the case of gonorrhea. New generations have a more open sexual behavior and are also starting earlier sexual contacts, which makes crucial the development of new ways of sexual education and the development of vaccines that can be started in younger populations.
