**2.1 Clinical manifestation**

*Chlamydia trachomatis* causes infection of the lower and upper genital tracts of both sexes, thus having a great influence on reproductive health. Chlamydia usually does not cause any symptoms but can still transmit the disease to others. Asymptomatic infection is frequent in women; many women with Chlamydia sampled from the cervix have no signs or symptoms of infection [6, 12].

No genital symptoms are specifically correlated with chlamydial cervical infection. But over 70% of men experience symptoms, such as urethral discharge, penile discomfort, and dysuria, which may cause serious complications that result in irreversible damage, including infertility [13].

Chlamydial infection may cause induced endocervical bleeding and mucopurulent endocervical discharge. The observation of purulent yellow or greenish cervical discharge on a cervical swab is associated with the presence of chlamydial infection [14]. When a woman does not receive treatment; Chlamydia can spread into the uterus or fallopian tubes, causing PIDs, which occur in about 10–15% of women [6, 15, 16]. In young, sexually active men, about 70% of acute epididymitis appears to be attributable to chlamydial infection [17].
