Neisseria gonorrhoeae *Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Is a Potential Therapeutic Target DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107993*

Affected women can also have purulent or mucopurulent endocervical, commonly referred to as mucopurulent cervicitis [8].

Infection in the uterus and the fallopian tubes were also reported, leading to a painful infection of the pelvis, known as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). As a result, a tubal pregnancy will occur and can lead to miscarriage and even death of the mother [9]. Pelvic infection causes fever, pain during intercourse, and pelvic pain. In case of severe infection, a tubo-ovarian abscess can be formed and can be fatal, requiring major surgery [9]. Other symptoms of gonorrhea in women include also lower stomach aches. Gonorrhea infection in men can affect the genital tract, leading to burning and painful urination, a pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis (white, green, or yellow), and pain or swelling in one of the testicle (less common) [10]. A throat infection and pain can also occur after a gonorrhea infection in men [11]. Gonorrhea can also affect the rectum, causing pain with bowel movements, rectal discharge, constipation, soreness, itching, bleeding, and discharge. The presence of gonorrhea is also considered as a co-factor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission [12].

Accordingly, diagnosis requires appropriate laboratory tests for confirmation, case finding, and antimicrobial testing. Gonorrhea diagnosis is performed through the detection of the bacterium or its genetic material in the human body (genital or extragenital specimens) using culture test, microscopy, or nucleic acids amplification tests. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing of gonococcal isolates should be a crucial part of laboratory diagnosis [13].
