**2. Synthesis of g-C3N4 materials**

It is a stable polymer semiconductor with only C and N components. Many nitrogen-rich organic precursors are now utilized to make g-C3N4, including urea, melamine, dicyandiamide, thiourea, and cyanamide. Carbon nitride materials made from direct condensation of these precursors, on the other hand, have bulk structures with low specific surface areas. It's required to introduce well-controlled porous structures in bulk g-C3N4 for practical usage as catalysts. Several strategies for obtaining porous g-C3N4 have been devised by scientists.

### **2.1 Synthesis of g-C3N4 materials**

#### *2.1.1 Template method*

Under the structural inversion, "templating" entails the copying of one structure into another. In its broadest sense, a template is a structure-directing agent. Because the size and shape of the resulting pore structures may be easily controlled by the
