**4.5 Future work**

This literature review presents several research gaps. For achieving the target of using an RCT and an existing game to test the improvement of MI-BCI gamification in a short time, we advise designing a 2D AO game first. A simulation could be done first to test the feasibility of this theoretical recommendation via OpenVibe software. Suppose the classification accuracy is higher than 70%. In that case, the participantbased study will try the designed game training model, the non-game control group model, and the third-party outcome testing mode. Also, if no significant variation can be observed between the game and control groups, the game type will be optimized. For example, a 2D first-person humanoid game might replace the 2D AO game to identify whether the negative result is due to the lack of a humanoid environment. The argument claiming gamification would not improve learning outcomes would be reported if even a VR first-person humanoid game could not present a significant difference from its control group.
