**2.1 Qualifications-based learning model**

To increase the comparability of learning objects based on qualifications, the QBL-approach described by [17, 18] was implemented at the FUH [1]. The QBLM has evolved out of the CQ-based learning approach [18]. The QBLM approach includes a domain model (QDM), an architectural model, and several service distribution models. The QDM introduces the qualifications-relevant learning element (QRLE). A QRLE instance can de facto stand for a personal development plan (e.g., a study program), a unit of learning, a learning activity, or a knowledge resource. In QBL, CQ-based learning goals (LGs) and access requirements (ARs) are represented by CQPs consisting of CQ instances (the actual CQs). CQPs are applied to specify QRLE-related LGs and ARs and describe students' personal LG (target profiles) and the current state of attested CQs (actual profiles). After successfully completing a QRLE, the students' actual profiles are updated. The gap between the actual and the
