**5. Factors influencing blockchain adoption in agri-food supply chain**

The application of blockchain in agri-food supply chain is still in its infancy. While some use cases can be found, the scope of most blockchain pilots in agri-food industry is still quite limited. Therefore, it is urgent to carefully examine the factors that affect the implementation of blockchain in this specific industry. In this paper, we adopt Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework [25] to comprehensively analyze blockchain adoption from the technological, organizational, and environmental perspective. TOE framework is widely used by previous studies to investigate the adoption of technological innovations, such as social commerce [26], customer relationship management systems [27], and software as a service [28]. We believe that this integrative framework is also suitable to understand blockchain adoption in agri-food industry. **Figure 2** shows the integrative adoption model proposed in this paper.
