**3.1 Lack of extrinsic incentives**

DAOs resemble online and open-source communities, with the difference that DAOs enact both intrinsic (e.g., self-satisfaction, values and beliefs fulfillment, intellectual stimulation, learning and making a positive difference) [6, 7] and extrinsic benefits (e.g., monetary rewards) such as tokens that can be converted into other cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies [8, 9]. DAOs enact intrinsic motivation as members feel a sense of ownership and excitement to contribute to new projects, but they also guarantee that members have extrinsic benefits through financial rewards for their participation. Members of DAOs have an active stake through holding tokens in the organization, and they can exert that stake, having a word to say and influencing the future of the organization through proposals submission and voting schemes. DAOs solve the problem of a lack of hard incentives shared by open-source software communities and other types of online communities because DAOs are able to offer extrinsic incentives through tokenized business models. The broader nature of DAO incentives that cover both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards allows them to attract and maintain large, engaged communities (see **Table 2** for a summary).
