**1. Introduction**

Earthquakes result from abrupt release of energy by the slippage of two tectonic plates. The sudden release of strain generates seismic waves that are transferred to the earth's surface and result in ground motions. These dynamic vibrations create lateral movement in structures, which affects their strength and behavior. The infrastructure system is very critical and should have extra immunity against possible disasters. And natural hazards due its essential function in remaining serviceable to satisfy the water demand for drinking and firefighting purposes [1].

The dynamic vibrations of liquid-containing structures create the phenomenon of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI), where the momentum of the oscillating fluid generate lateral pressure on the boundaries of the structure. The study of hydrodynamic pressure on structures can be traced back to the early 1930s. The research work by Westergaard on "Water Pressure on Dams during Earthquakes" is considered the earliest study on the behavior of FSI, where the impulsive pressure on vertical dams under the effect of earthquake excitations was evaluated [2]. Subsequently, the dynamic response of liquid contained tanks and the FSI phenomenon have been subjects for extensive experimental and numerical investigations by many researchers. Such studies emerged by the efforts of Jacobsen and Ayre [3], Housner [4], Veletsos [5] and later by other researchers such as Mansour and Nazri [6], Shakib and Alemzadeh [7], Elansary and El Damatty [8], and Moslemi et al. [9]. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review for the equivalent mechanical models of liquid storage tanks that account for FSI, including the added-mass, single-lumped-mass, two-lumped-mass, spring-mass, three-mass, and other models that were featured in the literature. The theoretical background, application, application, and accuracy for each model were presented based on international standards and available literature.
