Contents



Preface

There are numerous factors that contribute to the deterioration of structures and infrastructures over time, including fatigue failure induced by traffic loads, the effects of environmental conditions, and natural catastrophes such as earthquakes. Continuous monitoring of the structure is needed to provide an early warning of a potentially dangerous state and an assessment of the structure's changes over time, rather than only routine or critical event-based inspections. Thus, structural health monitoring (SHM) has recently become a popular area of research in structural engineering. SHM is a field that has grown tremendously over the past few decades. This book brings together the most recent studies and state-of-the-art methodologies to improve understanding of how SHM can be applied in the real world, as well as how it can be improved, by highlighting its practical, theoretical, and historical applications. The book also examines challenges in SHM and sheds light on the future trends of SHM techniques for different types of response measurement and their

**Dr. Gobinath Ravindran**

**Dr. Vutukuru Mahesh**

SR University, Warangal, India

SR University, Warangal, India

Penang, Malaysia

Department of Civil Engineering,

**Dr. Moustafa Moufid Kassem** School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

applications in civil engineering structures and infrastructures.
