**1. Introduction**

Engineering material failure is an important concept engineers and designers look upon, material strength, if enhanced will give more durability and a quality product. Materials mostly fail due to loading (static, cyclic, fatigue) and avoiding failure through fracture is one of the key point we look upon. A fracture occurs when a body splits into two or more parts in response to a static stress applied at a temperature lower than the melting point of the material. There are two stages to a fracture: the crack starts, and then it spreads. There are two distinct fracture types which are brittle and ductile that varies according to the stress distribution in the member during loading.
