**Appendix**


#### **Table 1.**

*Summary statistics for all variables in this study.*


*Note: GDP – real GDP per cap, NE – energy use per capita, RE - renewable energy consumption; UR–Urbanization,TOtrade openness, FDI- foreign direct investment, REL - renewable electricity output.*

#### **Table 2.**

*The matrix correlation between the explanatory variables for OECD-34.*
