*A Critical Review on the 3D Modeling and Mitigation Strategies in the Thermal Runaway… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114319*

implementation. The introduction of faults into the simulation model enables the validation of results using measurements derived from previous testing. Despite numerous efforts in this field, TR assessment is still limited to specific cell designs and chemistries, and overgeneralization of obtained results can be misleading. The exact behavior of ejecta material and the diversity of possible mechanical failure modes during TR propagation are abstruse aspects that merit special attention. It is safer to assume TR is inevitable and has specific design criteria rather than waiting for failure analysis results. Traditional battery health indicators are helpful but not fast enough to arrest catastrophic TR events in time. For larger modules, smart TMSs and even fire suppression systems could be other worthwhile investments in the long run. Nonuniformity of temperature distribution across the single cells and over the module is also another research avenue that deserves to be investigated at greater depth. Metal additive manufacturing can be used to design more efficient active or passive cooling systems with complex geometries and reduced weights. More advanced statistical analyses and predictive models are needed to propose more innovative modular designs.
