**3.2 Nucleators as additives for reducing supercooling**

Nucleators play a pivotal role in the nucleation process, acting as catalysts that trigger the initial solid crystal formation from a supercooled liquid, a crucial phase in various applications. These nucleators provide necessary sites for molecules or particles in a liquid or solution to begin clustering into solid crystals, significantly addressing the challenge of supercooling in PCMs. Research has explored the use of nucleation agents to mitigate supercooling, with typical nucleators including inorganic materials like talc or alumina nanoparticles and specific organic compounds. The choice of nucleator depends on the PCM used, its application, and the
