**5. Recycling**

Recycling is a process that collects and processes used products and materials that otherwise can be trash. Recycling conserves raw materials and components and saves the additional energy that companies would use to produce new devices from scratch. The rapid growth in manufacturing cellular wireless communication systems, tablets, and laptops over the last 20 years has resulted in most of the universe's population owning computers, smartphones, laptops, smart watches, I-pads, and other computing devices. In 2023, the number of unwanted computing devices and electronic devices is huge. With this big number of computing devices and phones being produced and discarded, a new environmental disaster strikes our world. Electronic and computing waste is filling up landfills and trash storage areas. This computing and electronics waste contains toxic, hazardous materials that pollute the environment and danger the health of human beings and animals. This electronics and computing waste increase air, water, and environmental pollution. Recycling computing devices, cellular phones, and laptop waste, used batteries, plastic waste, and other hazardous devices drastically decreases environmental pollution. Recycling saves original raw materials and reduces waste and pollution.

## **6. Challenges in green computing technologies in the next three years**

We should encourage companies to use green renewable energy, green materials, and green components in the development and production of smartphones, electronic devices, and other computing devices.

We should encourage companies, organizations, and global activities to reuse and recycle computing devices, electronic waste, and old smartphones. In green computing and green electronic industries, the use of hazardous and toxic materials such as copper, lead, plastic materials, and other toxic materials should be limited to decrease air, water, and other environmental pollution. Legislators should encourage and force companies to produce green computing devices. High-Tech companies and computing device manufacturers should be encouraged to develop and produce electronic devices that are green and environmentally friendly.
