**3. E-waste recycling**

Recycling the e-waste seems to be good solution in many countries as long as a valuable items can be extracted from it. E-waste recycling is very important for *E-Waste Management in Different Countries: Strategies, Impacts, and Determinants DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106644*

environment sustainability and for economic recovery. The efficient recycling of electronic scrap has been regarded as a major challenge for many countries.

Recycling is the most important key to reduce the e-waste. It has environmental benefits at all stage in the life cycle of the electronic products, from the raw materials from which they are made to their final methods of disposal. Recycling also contributes in reducing water and air pollution which is associated with creating new equipment from raw materials [1]. Generally, people in some countries realize that there is a value generating from different types of household solid waste [19]. So informal peddlers and formal collectors pay to consumers for their waste. Then they sell to refurbishes, brokers, scrap dealers, and recyclers.

Recycling in the world can be divided into two types: Informal recycling and formal recycling.

#### **3.1 Informal recycling**

The informal recycling of e-waste consider as a way to extract value from waste electrical and electronic equipment. Informal sector is illegal because it is outside of official institutions [19]. The majority of the informal recyclers are from rural areas and most of them are women and children [20]. This type of recycling includes labor intensive and dangerous manual dismantling of equipment. In this kind of recycling, simple tools are used such as chisels, hammers, and screwdrivers in order to achieve swift separation of the different materials [21]. This sector uses substandard processes and does not have the appropriate facilities to safeguard human health and environment, so it causes risk for recyclers and for environment [19–21]. Informal recycling sector has grown in many countries such as china, Bangalore, Chennai, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Informal recycling effects can be shown in **Figure 1**.

There are several reasons for informal recycling increasing [19–21] include


**Figure 1.** *The effects of informal recycling.*

