**4.1 Solar energy**

The sun is an infinite source of light and solar energy. Solar panels and cells convert solar energy from natural light into electrical energy through photovoltaics. Using solar energy to generate electricity minimizes the consumption of coal, fuel, and gasoline. Using solar energy results in a huge reduction in air, water, and

*Introductory Chapter: Advances in Green Electronics Technologies in 2023 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112615*

environmental pollution. **Figure 1** presents thin solar panels on a roof. Innovative lowcost ways solar energy is being used to enhance our daily lives are presented below. Streetlights – The sun charges the batteries during the day, which then powers lightemitting diodes (LEDs) at night to illuminate the streets. Several cities are incorporating smart sensors into streetlights that can even direct drivers to open parking spaces and help first responders during emergency situations. More cities across the world are powering streetlights with solar energy. Using internet-linked sensors with solar-powered streetlights saves both time and money.

#### *4.1.1 Cell phone charger*

Portable solar panels, the size of a tablet, can charge cell phones, GPS trackers, tablets, and laptops. USB cell phone chargers can charge a phone to almost full after 2 hours of exposure to solar energy. They can be hooked on backpacks to collect UV sunlight as we walk, making them ideal for outdoor activities.

#### *4.1.2 Vaccine refrigerators*

Private companies have been manufacturing solar-powered vaccine refrigerators so healthcare workers in remote areas such as Africa can administer critical medication to those who need it. In developing countries, 24-hour electricity is not guaranteed, and in many cases, there is no electrical grid. This technology solution saved lives for more than 30 years.

#### *4.1.3 Ovens*

Solar ovens, called solar cookers, reflect the sun's energy to cook food. Solar ovens can be parabolic or square lined with a reflective material that directs the solar energy into the box, which heats the food evenly. The lid on top is typically made from glass to better focus the sun's energy. They are ideal for off-grid living and are used in

developing countries and in outdoor activities. These ovens reduce air pollution that results from burning fuel.

Advantages of Green Solar Energy


Disadvantage of Solar Energy

• Solar energy cannot be produced at night or in foggy areas. Depending on the weather and sunlight.

