Preface

In the last decade, computing devices have become a large part of daily life. Most people have more than one cellular and computing device, thus there are numerous computing networks and devices that consume a huge amount of electrical energy. Designing and manufacturing energy-efficient computing devices, servers, and laptops can help minimize air and water pollution. This is called green computing, a concept born in 1992 with the launch of the Energy Star program in the United States. One of the main goals of electrical and computer engineers should be to evaluate and manufacture green computing devices and servers. Moreover, disposing and recycling of unwanted computing instruments and electronic devices is an important task in creating a green planet. Every person can contribute to green computing via the environmentally responsible use of computing devices and cellular phones.

Green computing may be considered as the study, development, design, engineering, research, production, use, and disposal of computing devices and networks to reduce environmental hazards, energy consumption, and environmental pollution. Computer researchers, designers, developers, manufacturing companies, and vendors are investing in developing green computing networks and modules by reducing the use of hazardous materials and using improved recycling processes for computing modules and devices. Green computing is known as green information technology (green IT).

In the last decade, the world has suffered from severe changes in temperature and climate as well as pollution of ecosystems. Many countries are experiencing extreme heat, severe droughts, depletion of groundwater reserves, and environmental pollution. Climate change is also contributing to the rapid spread of diseases and viruses and the extinction of animal species. Unfortunately, these changes are almost irreversible. One way to mitigate these drastic environmental changes is via green computing. Dangerous chemicals and toxins that pollute the environment are part of computers and electronic waste. These dangerous chemicals can be found in crops and cannot be removed from food products. Polluted air and water and climate changes affect the health of all individuals. Birds, fish, and other animals consume plastic waste, and these plastic particles are making their way into the food chain. Green computing is one way to mitigate these negative effects. Electronic waste management, recycling, green electronic devices, and renewable energy are important challenges in green technologies.

The book presents new topics and innovations in green computing technologies that can be applied in green computing and electronic industries. It is organized into four sections: "Innovation in Renewable Energy for Green Computing", "Green Energy for Computing Networks", "Green Healthcare and Computing Systems", and "Waste Management for Green Computing Systems".

Section 1 includes the intro chapter, "Introductory Chapter: Advances in Green Electronics Technologies in 2023", Chapter 2, "Green Wearable Sensors for Medical, Energy Harvesting, Communication, and IoT Systems", Chapter 3, "Variable Renewable Energy: How the Energy Markets Rules Could Improve Electrical System Reliability" and Chapter 4, "Management Methods of Energy Consumption Parameters Using IoT and Big Data".

Section 2 includes Chapter 5, "From Photovoltaic to Agri-Natural-Voltaic (ANaV)" and Chapter 6, "Valorization of Forest Waste for the Production of Bio-oils for Biofuel and Biodiesel".

Section 3 includes Chapter 7, "Going Green in Ophthalmic Practice".

Finally, Section 4 includes Chapter 8, "Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Method for Supply of Potable Water: A Case Study of Gosaba, South 24 Pargana, India" and Chapter 9, "E-Waste Management in Different Countries: Strategies, Impacts, and Determinants".

> **Albert Sabban** Department of Electrical Engineering, Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel

Section 1

Innovation in Renewable

Energy for Green Computing

Section 1
