**2. Green computing networks and green electronics technologies**

Green computing has an important positive impact on protecting the environment. The information and communication technology industries are responsible for 2% to up to 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Due to this fact, green electronics and computing engineering have been in continuous growth in the last decade. Moreover, cellular communication, communication, electronics, and computing industries are facing increasing pressure from governments and legislative institutes to remove toxic and hazardous materials from their products. There is a worldwide environmental movement to use green energy, green materials, and green components in the production of communication, electronic devices, and computers. The energy demands and carbon emissions of computing and the entire communication systems must be dramatically reduced to slow climate changes and to avoid catastrophic environmental disaster. The use of toxic and hazardous materials such as cooper, lead, plastic materials, and other toxic materials is limited or not permitted to minimize pollution and to improve recycling process. Green computing seeks to reduce the carbon emission price tag. When computing system designers take steps to reduce the amount of energy that each module uses to reduce the amount of heat those modules produce, the carbon price tag of computing systems may be reduced considerably. Moreover, computing system designers should increase the life cycle of computing devices and components, so they do not need to be replaced frequently. Computing system designers should increase users' ability to reuse computing products and design recyclable components and modules when they should be replaced.
