**1. Introduction**

River Basin Management (RBM) is an integral process to protect several wildlife species, sources of drinking water for animals, plants, and humans, sources of navigation channels, flood regulation, and others. On the other hand, RBM relies on effective public participation and management from all beneficiaries. RBM can be considered as the integration of strategic planning and management of quantity and quality of water resources through sustainable development [1, 2].

The rapid growth of population and water demand globally developed stress on the river basin to meet water demands, including municipal, agricultural, recreational, industrial, and other water demands. In addition, climate change impact is imposing threats/stresses on small to large river basins globally [3]. With projected global climate change and water demands, there are potential risks to the river basin, including loss of native biodiversity, ecosystems, and humans from increased flood and drought disasters [4]. Global climate change and global warming might cause frequent droughts, shifts in precipitation, lower water levels in water bodies, and consequently, less water to dilute pollutants.

Therefore, an integrated approach that includes planning, monitoring, and management using in situ and satellite measurements and modeling should be implemented to reduce the stresses on the river basin. This integrated approach requires significant contribution and participation from stakeholders, such as policymakers, watershed/water resources managers, researchers, forest managers, industries, farmers, growers, and several other natural resource users who are directly or indirectly responsible for additional stresses to the river basins.

The primary goal of this book is to address some of the critical issues of river basins through effective planning and management under the changing climate. This book includes the following four sections and 13 book chapters.
