*A Hierarchical Approach to Fish Conservation in Semiarid Landscapes: A Need to Understand… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105602*

water temperature, conductivity, water clarity, and flow [113, 114]). We show ignoring detection probability at the HRU scale resulted in similar apparent distributions for all minnows in the upper Red River basin (**Figure 3**). There is, of course, uncertainty in the predicted distributions (also see Section 2.2.50). Nevertheless, adjusting for detection error resulted in a clearer picture of true distributions and underlying ecological relationships. Detection probability has also been shown to vary among species and across sampling conditions at finer scales in Great Plains streams [115, 116]. Given the highly variable nature of the Great Plains stream environment, accounting for detection error in fish species distribution studies at all spatial scales is particularly important for sound river basin conservation.
