Meet the editors

For the past 36 years, Prof. Sadık Dincer has been involved in teaching, research, and academic work at numerous distinguished universities in Turkey. Currently, he is working in the Biology and Biotechnology Departments, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. He has published numerous articles in national and international journals manuscripts and book chapters. To date, he has trained twenty-six MSc and eleven Ph.D. students.

He received the Technology Development Award from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) in 2013 and a national study patent in 2019. His research is focused on bacteriology, microbial ecology, and industrial biotechnology.

Prof. Dr. Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takci received her MSc and Ph.D. in Biotechnology and Biology from Cukurova University, Turkey, in 2007 and 2011, respectively. Since 2009, she has worked at Kilis 7 Aralik University, Turkey. Her teaching interests include microbiology, biotechnology, enzymology, microbial genetics, and bacteriology. She has published fifty-three manuscripts in national and international journals. Her research

interests focus on multiple antibiotics and heavy metal resistance in bacteria, the production and characterization of bacterial enzymes, bioremediation by bacteria, and aquatic bacterial contamination. Related to these research areas, she has seventeen projects supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and coordinators of scientific research projects.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Melis Sumengen Ozdenefe received her BSc, MSc, and Ph.D. in Biology from Çukurova University, Turkey, in 2009, 2011, and 2014, respectively. During her MSc, she spent six months at Anhalt University, Germany, as an international exchange student and a researcher. She has been working in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Near East University, Northern Cyprus since 2014. Her teaching interests include

industrial microbiology, bacteriology, biotechnology, enzymology, and environmental microbiology. Her research areas involve enzymes and biosurfactants produced from various bacteria and fungi for industrial applications, the production and characterization of bacterial enzymes and bacteriocins, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of various plant structures, multiple antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, and water quality assessment. Dr. Ozdenefe's works have been published in national and international journals, conferences, congresses, and symposiums.

## Contents



Preface

Water is the most important resource for the survival of all living organisms and the smooth functioning of ecosystems. Because all forms of life depend on water, a safe and high-quality water supply has become a global concern. Water quality, which is a measure of the suitability of water, varies by location and time. Industrial and agricultural activities, human population growth, and climate change lessen the quality of the Earth's water sources. As the human population increases, so too does the requirement for goods and services. This increasing need for resources has consequently caused the overuse and pollution of water supplies. As such, ensuring water supply and quality requires comprehensive and urgent global action. For efficient management of water resources, it is necessary to know the water quality parameters stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). This book presents a comprehensive overview of water quality along with a series of solutions and recommendations detailing global treatment strategies for water pollution.

**Sadık Dincer**

Kilis, Turkey

Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

**Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takci** Kilis 7 Aralik University,

> **Melis Sumengen Ozdenefe** Near East University,

Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
