**3.5 Auxiliary benefits for workers**

Habitually, residential waste is composed with different kinds of recovery and recycling products such as plastic materials, bottles, and metallic materials. These kinds of products are being sorted by the employees of these private waste companies; normally laborers in all the areas of operation do sell them to either full term scavengers or scraps vendors [18]. And these are further resold to recycling companies for production of new items, both on-sorted and sorted materials from municipal solid waste are further separated to form a better recyclable that can be transported to bigger industries in Lagos and beyond by these stakeholders. However, the benefits from such sales of recyclables in the first instance above do not go to the private companies directly, but to their workers who greatly benefit from it. An in-depth investigation of one waste private contractor company reveals that, before disposal, its workers, who are also stakeholders, typically sort 35.1 kg of reuse, recovered, and recycled materials from the waste they collect in the operational area assigned to them each day on average. They make approximately =N = 49,440 per month and =N = 433,280 year from sales of these materials. The materials that are being sorted and their corresponding unit costs are displayed in **Table 7**, **Figure 2**.


#### **Table 7.**

*Daily average sorted reusable materials and their value.*

#### **Figure 2**

*Recovery and recycling of MSW in ancient Kano city Nigeria. Source: Field survey 2021.*
