**4. Industrial waste disposal and landfilling**

The millions of tons of waste generated by manufacturing industries are collected, removed, and disposed of to prevent pollution and ensure environmental protection [9]. However, disposal is only carried out after applying waste reuse and waste recycling management techniques. Other reasons for waste disposal in industries are as follows: to generate revenue from waste and to create employment opportunities [9]. Since waste has different characteristics, the method of disposal varies from one waste to another. When industrial waste is generated, pre-disposal activity like segregation is often carried out to separate waste according to type and nature. A lot of wastes are a mixture of hazardous and nonhazardous wastes and their contents may even be liquid [9]. By segregating toxic constituents in wastes, isolating liquid fractions, and keeping hazardous streams away from nonhazardous wastes, industries can save substantial amounts of money on disposal or get new opportunities in waste recycling and reuse [9]. Major waste disposal methods are described in the following section.
