**4.1 External conditions that affect the practice**

There are some external conditions, which affect the practice. Over the years governments have known that for effective solid waste collection and disposal, the private sector will fare better. However for political reasons the state government has been directly involved in environmental sanitation even though without success. The Refuse Management and Sanitation Board (REMASAB), Environment Task Force on Sanitation, Kano State Environmental Planning and Protection Agency (KNUPDA) etc. have been created and scrapped. This attitude of the government has affected the private operator negatively [12]. They cannot be aggressive in expanding their area of coverage because of the government's direct involvement. Also more new entrants cannot be encouraged by this attitude of the government. Instead of seeing government action as complimentary, they see it as competing. This activity is badly impacted by some of the issues that have been happening in Kano City, especially if the operators are not natives. There may be religious or tribal crises [19]. They regard government action as competing with them rather than as a complement. This activity is badly impacted by some of the issues that have been happening in Kano City, especially if the operators are not natives. There may be religious or tribal crises [19]. The fact that the scope of their operations is limited to residential areas, even though those areas are inside their clearly defined operational grounds, is another persistent problem that all the private enterprises that were interviewed voiced complaints about. According to 55% of the respondents, the poor state of some of the disposal sites, particularly during the wet season, makes it difficult for vehicles to go through them and prevents them from operating fully. **Figure 3** contains a scenario showing the present condition of our dumpsite located with residential buildings couple with scavengers at work.
