*4.1.3 Industrial waste incineration*

Incineration of wastes from industries (**Figure 9**) is a disposal technique that involves burning combustible materials in wastes thereby converting them to flue gas (stack gas) and ash and producing heat energy that can be utilized for power generation [27]. Industrial waste incineration is a thermal waste disposal method and can be regarded as a waste-to-energy technology. The purpose of this waste disposal technique is to reduce waste volume and save landfilling costs, to prevent the release of chemical and toxic substances to the environment, and to generate revenue from energy recovered from waste combustion, which can be used for heating or electricity generation [27]. Incineration is ideal for disposing of industrial wastes from the medical, food processing, chemical, and nuclear power sectors where high temperatures are used to destroy pathogens, toxins, and hazardous materials from waste generated in these sectors [28]. There are, however, growing concerns about the environmental

**Figure 9.** *Industrial waste incineration process [26].*

effects of burning industrial wastes in incinerators due to the release of toxic gases during combustion.
