**8. Future work**

Although swarm intelligence is in an emerging phase, more progress in this AI-based technology is expected in the upcoming years. Future research can design more intelligent controllers, optimal path planning algorithms, robust architecture, monitoring, target searching strategies, efficient communication structures, and safe flight protocols for swarms. The flight problems and formation maintenance of large-scale swarms still require future explorations. During the modeling process, the size and load of UAVs must be considered to increase the robustness of the swarm control. In the future holistic system, solutions will be provided for integrated task scenarios. Path planning of swarms in a curve requires more efficient algorithms. Moreover, algorithms that can give optimized paths rapidly in any complex environment are future work. The development of low-cost sensors is necessary to address the collective monitoring and target tracking issues but with the capability to provide high accuracy and robustness to noise. More research is required to standardize the communication networking between UAV swarms by upgrading the frequency bands, cooperative countermeasures, and signal distortion monitoring. To enhance the response speed in the threat environments, the focus will be on designing dynamic sensing and powerful safe flight protocols. Considerations are essential for intelligence assisted programs that can meet the next-generation networks. Like 6th generation (6G) network should be used for wireless communication services in swarms. This will extremely enhance the significance of formation, coordination in

tasks, machine-human interactions, and many more. Improvements should be made that can understand and adapt to the environment along with this, and it can respond to user feedback rapidly. This can further improve the systems' agility with the reliability and performance of the network.
