**Abstract**

With increasing attention to the environment issues, the replacement of traditional energy vehicles with new energy vehicles has gained support from more countries. Lithium battery is an energy storage component of an electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle. Due to the nature that lithium batteries are very sensitive to operating temperature, a battery thermal management system is required to improve its efficiency and life. This chapter discusses the technology of phase change materials in battery thermal management systems and reviews the performance characteristics and thermal properties of various types of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, it summarizes the breakthroughs and bottlenecks of carbon-based phase change material composites used in the lithium battery heat dissipation systems.

**Keywords:** Li-on batteries, electric vehicles, phase change material, thermal management, nanomaterials
