**7. Conclusions**

Our study investigated two hypotheses. First, temperature and precipitation show spatial differences in migrant and non-migrant households in Tanzania. Second, temperature and precipitation have more influence on migrant than non-migrant households with differing impacts across space. Specifically, empirical analysis shows that long-run precipitation has statistically significant positive impacts on migration and suggests increased precipitation is a key driver of migration. Conversely, long-run temperature had insignificant effects on migration. Our findings seem to suggest that the amount of rainfall is more important for Tanzanian households since their livelihood depends on it. On the other hand, some level of temperature variation may be tolerable as long as the rain is falling.

In sum, this study provides insight into spatial climate driver impacts on migration using georeferenced household survey data and gridded historical precipitation and temperature data for Tanzania. The study also contributes knowledge on spatial climate driver impacts on migration by identifying relevant determinant variables for Tanzania. This study makes an important contribution on two fronts. First, it adds to

*Spatial Analysis of Climate Driver Impacts on Sub-Saharan African Migration Patterns… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106067*

the limited empirical literature on Africa that assesses the impact of climatic factors in a detailed manner. Second, it combines econometric and spatial perspectives in the analysis to quantify key relationships while illuminating spatial pattern differences for key variables.

A shortcoming of our study is the loss of spatial resolution due to sub-village aggregation of household-level survey data. This spatial aggregation greatly limited the spatial analyses' flexibility. Consequently, future studies with better spatial data could provide more accurate results. In addition, the statistical tests indicated overall poor model fitness which could be rectified with additional explanatory variables and well-refined data.

An additional possibility worth exploring is a gender differentiated migration response to climatic and non-climatic shocks because adult men and women have distinct roles in agricultural activities and have different levels of land tenure security [62]. Therefore, investigating gender-based differences in migration would be an interesting addition to the literature.
