**4. Diagnosis: risks, threats, and vulnerability**

Tulum suffers from two potential threats hydrometeorological events (hurricanes and floods) and anthropogenic threats caused by pressure from tourism and population growth. From a strictly environmental point of view, Tulum cannot grow due to the characteristics of its soil and subsoil (karstic soil, mangroves, and underground rivers). All growth brings with it conflicts between the environment and urbanization. The natural system is highly vulnerable: "Furthermore, the mangrove, like the reefs, is altered by the action of hydrometeorological phenomena, since during its action, salinity increases and exerting greater environmental pressure on this species" [13].
