**2. Definition of concepts**

*WHO defines education* as the process of giving or acquiring knowledge, skills and developing attitudes and values at school or university, while training aims at improving the level of a trainee's competence in a specific area and may be defined as the process of developing, changing or strengthening the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of a target group [3].

*NIMART training* is a short course on essential HIV clinical management that tackles the fundamentals of HIV management and includes prevention, diagnosis, treatment initiation, management, control, referrals, monitoring and evaluation of treatment success. NIMART was developed in response to the call for action by the South African government to adopt WHO recommendations for task-shifting to strengthen the response to HIV and TB epidemics. It was specifically developed and aimed at professional nurses working in the primary health care (PHC) setting [4].

*The NIMART-trained nurse* is a professional nurse (PN) or midwife trained in nurse-initiated management of antiretroviral therapy or treatment and has undergone a clinical mentorship programme and assessed for competency in managing HIV and TB [4].

*Perspective Chapter: Enhancing the Nurse-Initiated Management of Antiretroviral Therapy… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107982*

*Clinical NIMART mentorship* is an HIV programme that focuses on enhancing the skills, competencies, attitudes, and values of trained NIMART concerning HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment initiation, and linkages to care and treatment, referrals, and monitoring of treatment success for children, adolescents, pregnant women, adults, co-infected with TB and the management of opportunistic infections. Upon completing the programme, the nurse is assessed and receives a competency certificate [5].

*Pre-service training or pre-service education* refers to any structured activity aiming at developing or reinforcing knowledge and skills before a health care professional joins service or takes up a job that requires specific training in addition to those of undergraduate courses either from the public health service or private practice, to provide competence needed to perform new services [3].

*Continuous Inservice training* refers to training provided to health care workers already employed in the public or private sector to acquire practical work experience and can be provided after one or two years of the theory are completed to enhance the performance of the health care workers or nurses [3].

*Continuous professional development (CPD)* is a term used to describe the learning activities in which healthcare professionals engage to develop and enhance their skills, knowledge, competencies, and abilities to perform their jobs [3].

According to WHO [3], *task-shifting* involves rational distribution or delegation of tasks among health workforce teams with a highly specialized or qualified workforce to less specialized health workers with shorter training and fewer qualifications to use valuable human resources for health efficiently. It is a great option or method to enhance efficiency in delivering health care services, especially HIV and TB services in low and middle-income countries with a high shortage of skilled human resources.
