**9.9 Letter–sound knowledge**

Letter-sound knowledge is assessed through writing, production, and recognition exercises which describes how well-versed a pupil is in letter names, forms, and related sounds. To measure letter–name fluency, the student may be given a random list of uppercase and lowercase letters and asked to identify the names of as many letters as possible in 1 min. A random list of capital and lowercase letters and 1 min test to name as many letters as possible can be used to gauge a student's letter-name fluency.

Similar to this, students may be given a random selection of uppercase and lowercase letters on tests of letter-sound fluency, and they have 1 min to identify as many letter sounds as they can. Additionally, a pupil can be required to write individual dictated letters or the letter or combination of letters that matches to an oral sound that is delivered. (e.g., "Write a letter that makes "n" sound").

*Common tests used are*


*Screening, Assessment and Identification Tools for Dyslexia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113899*

