**4.2 Oilseeds crops**

Among the oilseed crops soybean, canola and sunflower are more important. Soybean is the most adopted and most produced GM crop in the whole world. The herbicide tolerant varieties Liberty Link® soybean and Contrivance were developed by BASF group. It is approved to be used as food and feed in more than 20 countries. Some other herbicide tolerant varieties are Liberty Link® GT27™, Roundup Ready™ soybean, Genuity® Roundup Ready™ 2 Xtend™, Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield™, and Optimum GAT™. Apart from these, Conkesta Enlist E3™ Soybean and Intacta™ Roundup Ready™ 2 Pro, developed by Dow AgroSciences LLC and Monsanto Company, respectively, are stacked with herbicide tolerance and insect resistance capacity. The Vistive Gold™ developed by Monsanto Company and the Plenish™, developed by DuPont (Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.) are stacked with herbicide tolerance and enhanced oleic acid content. These are approved in more than 15 countries. Lastly, the Verdeca HB4 Soybean is an abiotic stress tolerant GM soybean developed by Verdeca. It is currently approved in 6 countries for food and feed purposes.

The genetic modification in Argentine Canola (*Brassica napus*) is more focused on herbicide tolerance. To name a few herbicides tolerant GM canola varieties would be Optimum® Gly canola, Roundup Ready™ Canola, Liberty Link™ Independence™, InVigor™ Canola, Navigator™ Canola, etc. Though there is no insect resistant GM canola available few have been genetically modified for improved quality. For example, Laurical™ Canola developed by Monsanto Company has increased levels of a triglyceride, lauric acid. However, it is only adopted for cultivation in the USA

and Canada. There is only one GM Polish Canola (*Brassica rapa*) is available named Hysyn 101 RR Roundup-Ready™. It was developed by the University of Florida and only adopted for cultivation and approved for use in Canada (1997). GM safflower is adopted for cultivation only in Australia and it was approved in 2018 for food and feed purposes. This has a down regulated expression of *fatB* and *fad2.2* genes for lowering the fat content.
