**1. Introduction**

The term "food security" refers to the access to an adequate amount of food for meeting dietary energy needs that implies for many as self-sufficiency as producing required food domestically [1]. It is a basic right of a human being to have access to adequate production, availability, and food consumption to ensure adequate nutrients and food for all the people.

Food security ensures that all human beings have physical and economic accessibility to healthy and nutritious food to meet their daily dietary requirements and maintain an active healthy lifestyle. A country promises food security when it can ensure food availability balance between demand and supply to the nation, no matter what the price would be.

The five fundamental components of food security are availability, access, stability, nutritional status, and preference for food. All of them are prominently influenced by various factors such as political, physical, and economic within a community. Food availability and accessibility are two main aspects to ensure food security. Food security ensures an adequate amount of nutrients for every individual in the country. In many countries an adequate amount of food is available, but its availability is a real serious issue in some areas because of long droughts, political issues, mismanagement of resources, and unfertile land. These issues are most commonly observed in Asian countries.

The term accessibility refers to the capacity to produce and acquire an appropriate amount of healthy food for all individuals [2]. The availability of adequate food at the country/local level does not guarantee that all people have food accessibility and are food secure. Because various aspects such as low income, lack of roads, and infrastructure could restrict the accessibility of basic foodstuff. Hence, both availability and accessibility are essential and inter-linked parts of food security [1].

Stability is another important aspect that refers to a consistent supply of nutritious food at the national level as well as stability in access to food at the household and individual levels. Stability is directly affected by agricultural practices. Stability is ensured by storing food and enhancing shelf life. However, in developing countries economic crises are critical and only a small amount of food is stored for the whole year. Therefore, besides production, food stability ensures by better management, the formation of new laws and rules, market integration, and trade [3].

So, the above discussion concluded that food security ensures by the conformity of various dimensions such as availability, accessibility, stability, nutritional status, and preferences. It highlights the detail that reaching food security is a tough, multifaceted, and challenging phenomenon.
