**8.4 Digital PCR (dPCR)**

Digital PCR technology (dPCR) is one of the most reliable techniques among the currently used technology for GMO quantification. The process is accomplished through dividing the mixture of PCR into a sizeable number of distinct reactions which include null, single or least target DNA copies. After completion of PCR, the positive (i.e., observed replicated desired segments) and negative (i.e., observed non-replicated segments) samples are analyzed and then the total copy number of the desired gene in an original sample is determined by the application of binomial Poisson statistics [59]. Most recently, duplex assays, including one GMO specific marker with one soybean, maize, or rice taxon specific marker, were performed by using the dPCR system to quantify 12 GM soybean, 16 GM maize, and two GM rice events [60].
