**2.1 Climate change**

Climate changes are greater threat to agriculture and smooth food supply. The rising intensity of rainfall in some areas, hot temperature with drought conditions in other areas, and climate-related disaster shows that alteration in climate conditions have quantifiable effects on agriculture in a wide range of economies, crops, and farming systems [5]. A wide range of edible food crops such as wheat, rice, and corn are grown only within a narrow temperature range, which varies according to developmental stage, and slight fluctuation in temperature extremely affects the quantity and quality of crops. Scientific evidence revealed that as average temperatures rise then short periods of extreme heat will become more frequent and have more severe impacts on yields [6].

Extreme heat will pose a more severe risk to crop end yield than the impacts of variations in rainfall associated. Similarly, the effect of extreme temperature is intensified under drought conditions.
