**2.1 Identification and isolation of the target genes**

To produce a GM plant, scientists first identify the desired trait missing in the cultivar, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic factors (salt, cold, drought, herbicides, pesticides, insects, nutritional quality etc.). Then, by using existing knowledge they find an organism (plant, animal, or microorganism) processing the desired trait. Finally, the desired genes are isolated using suitable molecular tools.
