**2. Food security**

According to The United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the definition of food security includes four dimensions: (i) the availability of sufficient quantity and quality food; (ii) the access by people to nutritious food; (iii) supporting well-being systems with freshwater and health care; and (iv) stable food sources [2]. Stability is the ability to access food and the availability of food at all times. Food security is a current global concern for the next 50 years and more. Food security is unequally distributed and areas such as sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are suffering the most from food insecurity. Food securities also include food availability, affordability, food quality, and food access. Food availability also is dependent on the production, distribution, amount, and types available for purchase at stores. Food affordability is the economic cost affordability of an item. Food quality is acceptable nutrition. People's food access is influenced by their income levels, access to resources, physical environment, social environment, cost of food, their government, and trade policies.

Food security is affected by policy, environment, socioeconomic, and culture. The socioeconomic factors mean low-income neighborhoods, low access to public transportation, and a low number of food sources. Increasing the food security in a region or a county would need a collaboration of policies, investments, human resources development, agriculture research, rural infrastructure, water resources, farm infrastructure, and natural resources management. Over the 7 billion population, we have 2 billion in food-insecure because they meet one or more of the FAO's definitions of food security [3]. The population would reach between 8.3 and 10.9 billion people by 2050 and that makes food security challenges due to the current starving and undernourished rates. This hunger and lack of access to food vary in different tier-level countries, such as developed countries it is 5%, the developing countries reached 13%, African countries reached 20%, and 13% in Asian countries. Concerning the increasing population, the world will need to double or increase by 70% of the food production by the year 2050. Ten percent of the world is undernourished, i.e. 821 million in 2018. This 10% is distributed in three continents, where Asia is ranked as the highest with 514 million, Africa with 256 million, and South America and the Caribbean with 42.5 million.

Vulnerable areas to food security are also defined as "Hot Spots" [4]:

