**4.5 Others**

Monsanto Company and Forage Genetics International have jointly developed GM alfalfa plants for herbicide tolerance (Roundup Ready™ Alfalfa) and reduced content of guaiacyl (G) lignin (HarvXtra™). These are approved in Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea and the United States of America in the years ranging from 2004 to 2008. Sweet peppers Approved for cultivation in China in 1998, developed by Beijing University. The GM sweet pepper confers resistance against the Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) through pathogen derived resistance mechanism. Tobacco has been genetically modified for cultivation purposes targeting 2 commercial traits. First one by SEITA S.A. (France) for oxynil herbicide tolerance and the second one for reduce nicotine content developed by Vector Tobacco Inc. (USA). The first one was approved in 1994 for the European Union and the latter one in 2002 for the United States.
