**4. Conclusion**

Trafficking in persons, migrant smuggling, and enslavement are transnational crimes with national implications. To discourage international trafficking and bring its perpetrators to justice, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action demands nations take up policy actions against serious offenses. These should include prescribing appropriate punitive measures, paying priority attention to the prosecution of trafficking offenses, and protecting rather than punishing the victims of such offenses.

## **5. Recommendations**

Human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and enslavement involve serious violations of human rights and are a matter of pressing international concern. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action demand urgent action to draw global attention to the need to eradicate human trafficking, smuggling of migrants, and all forms of enslavement, including sexual slavery and forced labor. Concerted and vigorous action is required by countries of origin, transit, or destination, and by international organizations to eliminate all forms of human trafficking, smuggling of migrants, and enslavement.

The following recommendations are made in favor of policy implementation and strategies for ending human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and slavery and securing freedom for everyone, everywhere, and always:


C. Reduce demands for commercial sex.

D.End business that profits from trafficking-related transactions.

