b. *Migrant smuggling:*


### c. *Human trafficking:*


All these tactics and methods of violent torture have the following impacts on the enslaved:

a. *Physical and mental health impacts:* Usage of sextortion, physical violence, starvation, beatings, rape, and gang rape to dominate, subdue, and control their *Twenty-First Century Slavery: A Psychosocial Exploration of Human Trafficking, Migrant… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113170*

victims usually have long-term psychological trauma on the enslaved. Some of the physical injuries sustained by victims include broken bones, concussions, burns, and brain trauma. Those in forced prostitution and forced commercial sex acts often suffer from sexually transmitted diseases, menstrual pain and irregularities, miscarriages, and forced abortions, among other problems. Victims of sexual slavery sometimes report post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, panic disorder, suicidal ideation, Stockholm syndrome, substance abuse, and high levels of mortality.

