**7. GO membrane fabrication**

The final step in fabricating GO membranes involves integrating GO with the support. Different supports are used [11] for this purposes. After selecting the support, there are also various routes for this integration step. The vacuum filtration shown in **Figure 5** is the most applied method [11, 12]. The process involves filtering a suspension of GO in a solvent (usually water) through the support structure, with the retained GO sheets stacking up on each other and effectively being deposited on its surface and forming a thin film on the support. This layering step determines the GO membrane performance. Similar to vacuum filtration in principle is drop casting, *Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes as Water Separation: Materials, Preparation… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105371*

**Figure 5.** *Steps applied to manufacture GO membrane [11].*

which deposits GO onto the support via droplets of concentrated solutions. Upon the evaporation of the solvent, a layer of GO is left behind [8, 9].

Another technique to form membranes from GO is dip coating, which involves dipping the support into a solution of GO where it is coated with a thin film [11]. The uses of spray-coating, spin-coating and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods are also reported to be applied for GO membrane manufacturing [11, 12].
