Graphene - A Wonder Material for Scientists and Engineers

*Edited by Mujtaba Ikram, Asghari Maqsood and Aneeqa Bashir*

Published in London, United Kingdom

Graphene - A Wonder Material for Scientists and Engineers http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100684 Edited by Mujtaba Ikram, Asghari Maqsood and Aneeqa Bashir

#### Contributors

Haia Aldosari, Hosein Hasan Bouzari, Rasoul Malekfar, Laleh Farhang Matin, Nnditshedzeni Eric Nnditshedzeni Maluta, Lutendo Phuthu, Rapela Regina Maphanga, Gaurav Saini, Simranpreet Singh Gill, Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu, Yannick A.F. Kamta, Ravi Paul Gollapalli, Jeremy Reid, Tingyi Wei, Ali Roberto Ruiz-Hernández, Adrián Gutierrez-Cruz, Jessica Campos-Delgado, Halina V. Grushevskaya, George Krylov, Aster Woldu, Ramli Ramli, Rahmat Hidayat, Mujtaba Ikram, Sara Baig, Amna Batool, Aneeqa Bashir, Saadia Mumtaz, Muhammad Ikram, Mohsin Saeed, Khurram Shahzad, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Asghari Maqsood, Muazzam Ahmed, Hamza Asghar, Mahnoor Naeem, Shamim Aslam

#### © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2023

The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED's written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECHOPEN LIMITED rights and permissions department (permissions@intechopen.com).

Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law.

Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License which permits commercial use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters, provided the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. If so indicated, certain images may not be included under the Creative Commons license. In such cases users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be found at http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html.

#### Notice

Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

First published in London, United Kingdom, 2023 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, 5 Princes Gate Court, London, SW7 2QJ, United Kingdom

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Additional hard and PDF copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com

Graphene - A Wonder Material for Scientists and Engineers Edited by Mujtaba Ikram, Asghari Maqsood and Aneeqa Bashir p. cm. Print ISBN 978-1-80356-431-9 Online ISBN 978-1-80356-432-6 eBook (PDF) ISBN 978-1-80356-433-3
