**2. Synthesis techniques deployed in preparation of titanate-based perovskites nanomaterial**

Various synthesis methods have been successfully deployed in the formulation of TBP nanomaterial. Surface defects and optical band-gap energy of TBP can be manipulated by deploying appropriate synthesis methods, which include the temperature, pH of the reaction, types of precursor, and solvents. In this section, we summarized recent methods deployed in synthesizes of TBP in **Table 1** including the precursors used, reaction conditions, and pollutant/application.

**Figure 2.** *(a and b) Crystal structure of a perovskite. Adapted from [39], copyright Springer Nature, 2019.*

### *Role of Surface Defects and Optical Band-gap Energy on Photocatalytic Activities… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106253*



**Table 1.** *Recent techniques used in synthesize of TBP, samples and precursors used, the reaction conditions,*

 *and* 

*pollutant/application.*

#### *Recent Advances in Multifunctional Perovskite Materials*

*Role of Surface Defects and Optical Band-gap Energy on Photocatalytic Activities… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106253*
