**3.3 Superstrate (top barrier)**

It is the front barrier of the solar cell. Accordingly, it provides physical protection against weathering and serves as optical coupling for the injection of sunlight. Frequently, the superstrate includes surface coatings such as UV protection and antireflective coatings (ARC). Typical materials include:


*Encapsulation against Extrinsic Degradation Factors and Stability Testing of Perovskite Solar Cells DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106055*


#### **Table 2.**

*Encapsulation architectures.*
