**2. Phytoremediation process**

Biological methods using plants for treatment of polluted environment may also provide an alternative to traditional techniques [23, 24]. Phytoremediation (phyto = plant, remediation = correct evil) means re-vegetation of land which is spoiled by toxic substances and phytoremediation might be successful when plant using for phytoremediation material can accumulate high concentration of heavy metals in their shoots parts [23–28]. Phytoremediation as a brand new remedy approach for environmental pollutants communally anticipated to advantage all contemporary crises in better performance and decrease environmental effect in addition to economically feasible. This rising inexperienced technology, were won many severe anthropogenic pollutants. Fair evaluation required for risks, which associated with this approach. Even specifying it for a selected waste remedy inclusive of municipal wastewater [29] may also supply the reply key for consciousness on benefits and the accent risks. Aquatic macrophytes are vegetation that stay in water or moist soil and develop generously in lakes and waterways. This vegetation offer numerous ecological niches (meals, shelter), significantly contribute to biodiversity on the atmosphere level, and maintain meals chains. Besides their big position in nutrient cycle, oxygen balance, purification of water [30], and a source of some biologically

*Potential of Aquatic Plants for Pesticide Removal in Wastewater: A Case Study… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107064*

active substances like antibacterial and antifungal agents [31]. Emergent aquatic macrophytes constitute a numerous institution of flora with a giant cappotential for removal/degradation of a lot of toxic objects and pollutants [32]. Besides, aquatic macrophytes are greater appropriate for wastewater preparation than different terrestrial flora because of their quicker growth, manufacturing of greater biomass and a relative better cappotential of pollutant approval [33]. Phytoremediation is a rapidly developing method that uses plants to reduce, degrade, assimilate and metabolize environmental pollutants such as hydrocarbons, pesticides, etc. [34].

The main mechanisms of phytoremediation included phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, and phytovolatilization [13]. Generally, vegetation selected for phytoremediation had the possibility to concentrate on a wide range of or specific contaminants [35]. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living green plants and is an effective, cheap, non-invasive, and environmentally friendly technique used to transfer or stabilize all the toxic metals and environmental pollutants in polluted soil or ground [35, 36]. Furthermore, phytoremediation is concerned with the potential of a plant species to accumulate high concentrations of toxic pollutants in their tissues. A number of plant metabolic processes come into play to degrade various organic compounds. There are many types of phytoremediation for agricultural land and water Plants bodies, e.g., phytotransformation, rhizosphere bioremediation, phytostabilization, phytoextraction (phyto-accumulation), rhizofiltration, phytovolatization, phytodegradtion, and hydraulic control (**Figure 1**) [38–40]. After more than 20 years of development, phytoremediation has become mature and widely employed to refine contaminated soil, water, and atmosphere. Also, the achievement of phytoremediation relies upon upon a plant's potential to tolerate and to build up excessive portions of the contaminant, even as yielding a big plant biomass [25]. In herbal and man-made filtering systems, macrophytes play an crucial function withinside the biochemical approaches of water remedy in view that their presence should exert a few high quality outcomes on this environment [41].
