**3. Type of phytoremediation**

Aquatic macrophytes are categorized into three principal classes, submerged, floating, and emergent macrophytes associated with vegetation' role concerning the

**Figure 2.** *Different types of the Phytoremediation process [45].*

water floor (**Figure 2**). Submerged macrophytes: consist of vegetation completely submerged below the water surface without a vegetative components rising from the water floor (e.g., Myriophyllum spicatum and Najas marina). They are characterized through their particular morphological and anatomical constructions, which assist adapt to residing below the water floor. The increase and distribution of those vegetation are encouraged through numerous factors, which include water level, environmental condition, plant connections, and herbivory [42]. Floating macrophytes: consist of vegetation that develop at intermediate depths; a number of them (e.g., Eichhornia crassipes) are free-floating with roots that grasp unanchored with inside the water column, however others (which include Nymphaea lotus L.) are rooted withinside the soil with floating leaves. They are in large part unaffected through modifications in ranges and intensity of water and substratum characteristics [43]. Emergent macrophytes: consist of vegetation-rooted with inside the sediment with their essential vegetative components above the water floor (e.g., Typha sp.). They are impartial of water for aid and are characterized through their excessive increase price and biomass formation [44]. Lagoons cowl about 4% of the earth's continental ground.
