**8. Advantages of a Phytoremediation technology**

The phytoremediation is an eco-friendly, maintainable, and hopeful method. Firstly, as compared with conventional organic and physical–chemical methods,

phytoremediation is pushed through sun electricity and does now no longer require extra electricity matters, which leads to this manner is decrease cost, much less equipment, and clean to operate [102]. Secondly, the process of phytoremediation is multifaceted since aquatic plants can absorb substances from wastewater indiscriminately, which results in hydrophytes that can remove nutrients and hazardous chemicals such as heavy metals, antibiotics and hormones concurrently [16, 23].

Furthermore, aquatic plants applied for phytoremediation can use nutrients uptake from wastewater to synthesis a variety of high-value nutrients, so as to achieve the purpose of resource recovery [18, 19, 103].

Besides, aquatic macrophytes are more suitable for wastewater treatment than other terrestrial plants due to their faster growth, production of more biomass and a relative higher ability of pollutant [33]. Further, the success of phytoremediation depends upon a plant's capacity to tolerate and to accumulate high quantities of the pollutant, while yielding a large plant biomass [104, 105]. Due to their adaptive techniques to extraordinary environmental conditions, aquatic macrophytes can colonize numerous kinds of aquatic ecosystems. These plant life inhabit the littoral zone, wherein they turn out to be crucial additives affecting ecological methods in numerous ways, which includes 3 major categories (outcomes on network structure, the interplay among aquatic organisms, and limnological outcomes) [106].

In natural and man-made filtering systems, macrophytes play an important role in the biochemical processes of water treatment since their presence could exert some positive effects in this environment.

Overgrowth of aquatic macrophytes has a considerable impact on ecosystem processes [107], including constituting oxygen depletion, decreasing the phytoplankton production, interfering with navigation, increasing water pollution, and health hazards by providing an ideal breeding place for mosquitoes larvae and displace more desired species. The efficiency of full scale phytoremediation in natural condition significantly lower than lab-scale researches meanwhile, advantages of this treatment method cause concerning high attention and requests for future environmental cleaning strategies [108].

The cost of phytoremediation is highly variable and there a high correlation between cost of phyto-treatment and contaminant concentration, types, properties of soil and/water, site circumstances and importance of pollutant as a hazardous effect in the food chain. Anyway, phytoremediation is the most cost effective treatment methods with high social acceptance worldwide [109]. The value of decontamination could be growth approximately 7 times, whilst metal factors blended with natural pollutants [110]. Ligand software including glutamate affect reason growing phytoremediation (via the 30 days [111]. It shows that augmentation or modification system via the phytoremediation approach may also make contributions better efficiency, however it must be explored because the value of augmentation and associated environmental impacts [112]. The maximum appealing element of phytoremediation belongs to wastewater remedy and destiny of this software may also alternate the coverage of municipal wastewater remedy withinside the world [29].

In situ treatment method and easy large-scale applicability [113], generally applied in conjunction with other cleanup approaches [114], or augmentation such as adsorbents [115] nutrients, organic amendments [116] for effectively gaining with current environmental pollution. The plants applied to phytoremediation should possess a faster growth rate, high biomass, extensive fiber root system, easy to regulate, high tolerance to pollutants, and easy to cultivate and harvest [117]. On reason of their extraordinary metabolic and extraction capabilities, plants have

*Potential of Aquatic Plants for Pesticide Removal in Wastewater: A Case Study… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107064*

been given an unparalleled decontamination capacity [12]. Meanwhile, the leaves, roots, and stems of plants provide residences for a variety of microbes, which can heighten the treatment process by synchronous decompose pollutants [12]. Over the past two decades, a fair amount of studies had been invested in the phytoremediation of LW [16].
