**7. Biodiversity conservation**

Biodiversity conservation is important for maintaining ecological balance among different life forms of the planet and keeping natural ecosystems healthy and functional. Plant biodiversity is one the most crucial components which sustain humankind by meeting its demands for food, fodder, fiber, and fuel. Therefore, the need for the conservation of biodiversity should be mutually accepted. On the other hand, there lies a basic difference in views on what should be the major objectives focus on the conservation of biodiversity. Moral objectives oriented toward preserving all accessible biodiversity which stands in opponent to anthropocentric aims that believe plant diversity importantly maintaining only the coverage that it serves livelihood security in long run. This includes the preservation, maintenance, sustainable use (conservation), revival, and enrichment of the components of biological diversity. There are two approaches to achieving the objectives of conservation measures: (i) *ex-situ* conservation and (ii) *in-situ* conservation. The choice of the conservation measures depends on the nature of the material to be conserved i.e., the life cycle, mode of reproduction, size, and ecological strains.

