IntechOpen Book Series Sustainable Development

### Volume 4

### Aims and Scope of the Series

Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development endorsed by United Nations and 193 Member States, came into effect on Jan 1, 2016, to guide decision making and actions to the year 2030 and beyond. Central to this Agenda are 17 Goals, 169 associated targets and over 230 indicators that are reviewed annually. The vision envisaged in the implementation of the SDGs is centered on the five Ps: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership. This call for renewed focused efforts ensure we have a safe and healthy planet for current and future generations.

This Series focuses on covering research and applied research involving the five Ps through the following topics:


The series also seeks to support the use of cross cutting SDGs, as many of the goals listed above, targets and indicators are all interconnected to impact our lives and the decisions we make on a daily basis, making them impossible to tie to a single topic.

## Meet the Series Editor

Usha Iyer-Raniga is a professor in the School of Property and Construction Management at RMIT University. Usha co-leads the One Planet Network's Sustainable Buildings and Construction Programme (SBC), a United Nations 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (UN 10FYP SCP) aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12. The work also directly impacts SDG 11 on Sustainable Cities and Commu-

nities. She completed her undergraduate degree as an architect before obtaining her Masters degree from Canada and her Doctorate in Australia. Usha has been a keynote speaker as well as an invited speaker at national and international conferences, seminars and workshops. Her teaching experience includes teaching in Asian countries. She has advised Austrade, APEC, national, state and local governments. She serves as a reviewer and a member of the scientific committee for national and international refereed journals and refereed conferences. She is on the editorial board for refereed journals and has worked on Special Issues. Usha has served and continues to serve on the Boards of several not-for-profit organisations and she has also served as panel judge for a number of awards including the Premiers Sustainability Award in Victoria and the International Green Gown Awards. Usha has published over 100 publications, including research and consulting reports. Her publications cover a wide range of scientific and technical research publications that include edited books, book chapters, refereed journals, refereed conference papers and reports for local, state and federal government clients. She has also produced podcasts for various organisations and participated in media interviews. She has received state, national and international funding worth over USD \$25 million. Usha has been awarded the Quarterly Franklin Membership by London Journals Press (UK). Her biography has been included in the Marquis Who's Who in the World® 2018, 2016 (33rd Edition), along with approximately 55,000 of the most accomplished men and women from around the world, including luminaries as U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. In 2017, Usha was awarded the Marquis Who's Who Lifetime Achiever Award.

## Meet the Volume Editor

Seth Appiah-Opoku is a Professor of Geography and teaches Urban Planning and Analysis, Land Use Regulation, World Regional Geography, and a field studies in Africa course. He is a member of the American Institute of Certified Planners and has contributed questions to the AICP exam. He is the author of two books and has edited four others. He has served on the international editorial board of the *Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment* since

2003 and has published scholarly articles in several renowned journals. He served on a high-level technical advisory team that advised the government of Ghana on the preparation of a 40-year development plan for the country in 2015. He teaches at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, and has served on several thesis and dissertation committees.

### Contents


Preface

Land use planning affects every aspect of life in all contemporary societies. It helps determine where and how homes, factories, parks, hospitals, schools, roads, sewers, and other essential services are located in our communities. Strong market forces as well as individual and societal values play a major role in decisions regarding types and intensity of land uses. Faced with complex land use planning problems around the globe, we turned to specialists who have successfully undertaken empirical studies and analysis of rural and urban planning problems to share their experiences in this book. The biographies of those whose chapters comprise this book indicate they are

Chapter 1 by Mohsen Armin discusses agricultural land preservation plans and laws in Iran. The chapter argues that deterrence is not an effective solution to agricultural land management problems; it is necessary to include incentive and punitive aspects in a comprehensive land management plan. The chapter goes on to suggest land monitoring and evaluation system and the granting of credit facilities to qualified

Chapter 2 by Mohammad Rahim Rahnama discusses how a multiple-objective land allocation model (MOLA) is used to simulate the location of residential and industrial lands in Sarakh city, Iran. To a large extent, the result was in line with the projected development direction in the city's master plan. The chapter concludes that the MOLA model is a better approach to simulating urban growth due to its high speed, accuracy, and low-cost compared to traditional methods of preparing master plans in

Chapter 3 by Issaka Kanton Osumanu discusses the implementation and management of urban land use plans in Ghana. The chapter argues that towns and cities need land use plans to direct and promote their growth in an organized manner. Based on a systematic review of existing literature and personal observations, the chapter reveals that urban planning in Ghana has adopted a three-tier land use planning model that considers spatial planning at various sub-state levels. It concludes that urban land use plan implementation and management in the country are thwarted by slow, cumbersome, and unending land delivery processes, as well as weak public participation, obsolete land use policies and methods, and insufficient human and

Chapter 4 by Dejene Tesema Bulti and Anteneh Lemmi Eshete discusses the effects of urbanization and the quantitative methods for analyzing urban expansion. The chapter argues that the choice of a particular method depends on several factors, making it difficult for users to make informed decisions. Given the importance of analyzing the spatiotemporal growth of built-up areas for sustainable urbanization, the chapter provides a good insight into the main features of the existing methods

singularly qualified for this task.

similar cities in developing countries.

financial resources.

that are used by urban planners.

people could help preserve agricultural lands in Iran.
