*3.5.4 Comparison of happiness, partial statements and overall factor in sports-active, sports-inactive boys, sports-active girls and sports-inactive girls*

The highest value of the score for happiness is given for the statement H3 ´I love life´ in sports-active boys (4.18). The lowest score reached the statement H2 ´I have a lot of fun´ in sports-inactive boys (2.61) (**Figure 20**).

Comparing each sample to other samples in the overall happiness factor, we found several statistically significant differences: between sports-active boys and sportsinactive boys (U = 389.5, p < .001) in favour of sports-active boys; between sports-

### **Figure 20.**

*Happiness: Partial statements and overall factor in sports-active boys, sports-inactive boys, sports-active girls and sports-inactive girls.*

active boys and sports-active girls (U = 1070.5, p = .007) in favour of sports-active boys; between sports-active boys and sports-inactive girls (U = 614.5, p < .001) in favour of sports-active boys; between sports-inactive boys and sports-active girls (U = 746, p < .001) in favour of sports-active girls; between sports-active girls and sports-inactive girls (U = 940.5, p < .001) in favour of sports-active girls. No statistical significance in the overall happiness factor of EPOCH measure of adolescent wellbeing was found only in the comparison between sports-inactive boys and sportsinactive girls.

Who feels the strongest feelings of happiness from the research samples? In first place are sports-active boys, in second place are sports-active girls, in third place are boys, in fourth place are girls, in fifth place are sports-inactive boys and in the last, sixth place are sports-inactive girls (**Figure 21**).

Taking into consideration the frequency of sports activity per week and the feelings of happiness regardless of gender and mode of sports activity (**Table 8**), we found that the happiest people are those people whose sports activities represent frequency six times a week.

Statistical significance was recorded between all possible comparisons that could have been performed from no sporting activity (0) to performing sporting activities seven times a week.

### **3.6 Overall well-being**

Participation in sporting activity as a variable of the higher level of psychological well-being is consistent with the authors [41, 42].

*Well-Being and Happiness Feelings in Sports-Active and Sports-Inactive Adolescents DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108957*

### **Figure 21.**

*H: Happiness in EPOCH for each sample from the research.*


### **Table 8.**

*Ranking based on the frequency of sports activity per week and the achieved score for feeling happiness.*

### *3.6.1 Comparison of overall well-being in boys and girls*

We found two statistically significant differences in comparison between overall engagement factors, overall perseverance factor, overall optimism factor, overall connectedness factor and overall happiness factor in boys and girls (**Figure 22**). The significant differences are in the overall optimism factor (U = 3852.5, p < .001) in favour of boys, and in the overall connectedness factor (U = 4634.5, p = .010) in favour of girls.

### *3.6.2 Comparison of overall well-being in sports-active boys and sports-inactive boys*

When comparing sports-active and sports-inactive girls, we found four statistical differences from the five overall factors from the EPOCH measure of adolescent wellbeing (**Figure 23**): perseverance (U = 748, p < .001), optimism (U = 832, p = .002),

### *Happiness and Wellness - Biopsychosocial and Anthropological Perspectives*

### **Figure 22.**

*Overall factors from EPOCH in boys and girls.*

### **Figure 23.**

*Overall factors from EPOCH in sports-active boys and sports-inactive boys.*

connectedness (U = 883, p = .007) and happiness (U = 389.5, p < .001). All comparisons are in favour of sports-active boys.

No statistically significant difference was found in the overall engagement factor.

### *3.6.3 Comparison of overall well-being in sports-active girls and sports-inactive girls*

Sports-active girls with compared to sports-inactive achieved four statistically significant differences from five possible: engagement (U = 1265.5, p = .032), perseverance (U = 1258.5, p = .029), optimism (U = 1297, p = .048), happiness (U = 940.5, p < .001). All comparisons are in favour of sports-active girls (**Figure 24**).

*Well-Being and Happiness Feelings in Sports-Active and Sports-Inactive Adolescents DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108957*

### **Figure 24.**

*Overall factors from EPOCH in sports-active girls and sports-inactive girls.*

No statistically significant difference was found in the overall connectedness factor, but the interesting thing is that sports-inactive girls scored higher in this connectedness factor compared to sports-active girls.
