**7.1 Computer managed learning (CML)**

In computer-managed learning (CML), often referred to as computer-managed instruction (CMI), learning processes are managed and evaluated by computers. Information databases are used to power computer-managed learning systems. These databases include informational varieties that the student must learn, along with a variety of rating criteria that allow the system to be customized to each student's preference [16]. A judgment can be made as to whether the student satisfactorily met their learning objectives thanks to two-way communication between the student and the computer. If this is the case, the procedures can be repeated until the learner has met their intended learning objectives. In order to save and retrieve information that helps with educational management, educational institutions also use computer-managed learning systems [8, 33]. Information like lecture notes, training manuals, grades, curriculum details, and enrollment details, among others, could be referred to here.

#### **7.2 Computer assisted instruction (CAI)**

Another sort of digit education that combines technology with traditional instruction is known as computer-assisted instruction (CAI), also known as computerassisted learning (CAL). The use of multimedia, including text, images, sound, and video, is a key component of computer-assisted training approaches. Through the use of numerous techniques, including quizzes and other computer-assisted teaching and assessment systems, and other forms of interactivity, students are able to become active rather than passive learners thanks to CAI [33]. Nowadays, the majority of

schools—both traditional and virtual use various forms of computer-assisted learning to help students acquire new skills and knowledge.

#### **7.3 Synchronous online learning**

Multiple students can participate in a learning activity simultaneously, from any location in the world, with synchronous online learning. Online chats and videoconferencing are frequently used in real-time synchronous online learning because they allow students and teachers to ask and answer questions right away while still being able to talk to one another. Due to the rapid advancement of online learning technologies, this type of community-focused online learning is now possible. Authentic synchronous e-learning was almost unachievable to execute before computer networks were created in the 1960s. A lot of the traditional drawbacks of e-learning, such as social isolation and poor teacher-to-student and student-to-student relationships, are eliminated by synchronous e-learning, which is now thought to be highly favorable. One of the most used and rapidly expanding forms of online learning today is synchronous learning [9, 16].

#### **7.4 Asynchronous online learning**

Asynchronous online learning involves individuals or small groups of students studying on their own at separate times and places from one another without engaging in real-time communication. Since they provide students more freedom than their synchronous counterparts, asynchronous e-learning approaches are frequently thought of as being more student-centered. Because it enables self-paced study, asynchronous online learning is frequently favored by students with rigid schedules. They are not compelled to learn at predetermined intervals with other students and can choose their own learning schedules [9].

#### **7.5 Fixed E-learning**

According to the definition of "fixed" in this context, all students who are participating in this learning process receive the same information, and the course material is not altered from its initial form. Teachers predetermine the curriculum, which does not take student preferences into account.

Although this method of instruction has long been the norm in conventional classrooms, it is not the best for use in e-learning settings. This is so that fixed e-learning may avoid wasting the important real-time data that comes from student inputs. Better learning outcomes are achieved for all students when each student's data is individually analyzed, and the curriculum is changed in accordance with this analysis [4].

#### **7.6 Adaptive E-learning**

Adaptive e-learning is a brand-new, cutting-edge style of online education that enables Teacher to customize and restructure learning materials for every single user. Adaptive e-learning systems make education more personalized and student-centered than ever by considering various factors, including student performance, goals, abilities, skills, and traits. It is now possible to mathematically sequence student data using *Perspective Chapter: The Impact of Digital Education on Modern Educational Institutions DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108058*

laboratory-based adaptive educational strategies. This has the potential to usher in a new age for educational science if done properly. The potential value and effectiveness of this kind of e-learning are sometimes underestimated, despite the fact that it might be more challenging to develop and implement than conventional teaching approaches [17].

#### **7.7 Linear E-learning**

When discussing human-computer interaction, the term "linear communication" refers to the unbroken flow of information from sender to receiver. This becomes a major barrier to e-learning since it prevents two-way contact between instructors and students. Even though it's losing relevance over time, this kind of e-learning does have a place in the classroom. The distribution of educational content to pupils via radio and television broadcasts is a well-known example of linear e-learning [2].

#### **7.8 Interactive online learning**

Interactive e-learning allows senders to become receivers and vice versa, effectively enabling a two-way communication channel between the parties involved. From the messages sent and received, the teachers and students can make changes to their teaching and learning methods. For this reason, interactive e-learning is considerably more popular than linear, as it allows teachers and students to communicate more freely with each other [12].

#### **7.9 Individual online learning**

Individual learning, in this case, refers to how many students actively work toward the learning objectives rather than how student-centered the content is. For thousands of years, this kind of education has been the standard in conventional schools. When engaging in individual learning, students are expected to study the course materials alone and complete their learning objectives independently. As it primarily emphasizes individuals learning separately, without interacting with other students, this form of learning is not the best for helping students build communication skills and collaborative abilities. Consequently, a more contemporary strategy is required to replace the communicational gap [16].

#### **7.10 Collaborative online learning**

Through the use of a contemporary learning technique called collaborative e-learning, a number of students can work together to accomplish their learning goals. To accomplish their shared learning objectives, students must cooperate and engage in cooperation. This is accomplished through the creation of strong groups in which every student must consider the advantages and disadvantages of every other student. This improves the students' interpersonal and cooperative skills. The concept that information is best generated within a group of people where they may interact and learn from one another is expanded upon by collaborative e-learning. While traditional classrooms use this style of learning more frequently than online courses, it is nevertheless a genuine form of e-learning that, when done properly, can be quite effective [27].
