**2.2 Habituation**

Habituation is a way to get children to think, behave, and act in accordance with the guidance of Islamic teachings. Habituation is an educational approach that

#### *Post-Truth in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 Shaping Children's Morals in the Household DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102988*

requires supervision. Habituation begins by setting a religious attitude or behavior then being trained and accustomed to the child [17]. Habituation is very effective in its application to children, because they have strong memory records and immature personality conditions, so that children are easily dissolved by the habits they do everyday. The habituation method is a method used by providing good experiences to get used to and at the same time instilling the experiences experienced by the characters to be imitated and accustomed to by children in everyday life.

This method of refraction is to instill a sense in children to be done repeatedly with the aim that the experience that is done can become a part of the child, so that the child will feel accustomed to doing it. Habituation in the family, for example, children who are accustomed to getting up early to pray at dawn and living clean will become a habit [18], children are asked to get used to reading basmalah before eating or before doing other activities, and reading hamdalah after eating or after doing other activities.

There is no denying that children will grow up with the right faith, decorated with Islamic ethics, even to the peak of high spiritual values, and the main personality, if he lives and is equipped with two factors, namely the main Islamic education and a good environment. Something accustomed to since childhood, will eventually become a person's personality. It will be seen in his behavior, speech, way of thinking, even in his philosophy of life.

In addition, children can get used to saying greetings and kissing hands to their parents before leaving for school. Obviously, an action that is often repeated will certainly become a habit, and if the habit is repeated continuously it will eventually become part of one's personality [19]. Which can then be applied in the household of good daily behavior.

Therefore, educating through habituation is an effective way to instill moral values into children's souls. And the values that are embedded in him will then be manifested (real form) in his life since he started stepping into adolescence and adulthood. So that habits must be preserved so that they are personal and integrated in children's lives which are carried out in various aspects of religious life.

#### **2.3 Advice**

In the human soul there is a disposition to influence the words heard. Innateness is usually not fixed, therefore words must always be repeated. In addition to words that must be repeated, humans can also be affected by the words or speech they hear as long as they are interesting and in the center of their attention.

Influential advice opens its way into the human psyche directly through feelings. Advice with gentle words conveyed sincerely will be able to have an influence on the feelings and personality of the child. Religion is advice which means that both parents should always provide religious advice to their children every day [20], as Lukman al-Hakim did for his children about the importance of giving a religious understanding to children by giving advice in the family.

According to An-Nahlawi, what is included in mau'izah is advice and tazkir (giving a warning or reprimand). Both are ways to invite people to the path of Allah. As for giving advice from parents to their children [21] it can be done in the following ways:

1.Giving advice in the form of an explanation of the truth and interests in accordance with the aim that the person being advised stays away from disobedience so that it is directed to something that can bring happiness and luck, advice should be done with pure intentions, and sincerely

2.Giving advice in the form of warnings, namely the adviser must retell concepts and warnings into the child's memory so that the concepts and warnings can arouse feelings, affection (affection) and emotions that encourage them to do good deeds and immediately lead to obedience to Allah and the execution of His commands.

Another important method in educating children, forming faith, preparing children's moral, spiritual and social values is education by giving exemplary advice. Because this advice can open children's eyes to the essence of things, encourage them to lead to noble situations, decorate them with noble character, and equip them with Islamic principles.

Al-Quran also uses sentences that touch the heart to direct people to the ideas they want. This is what came to be known as advice. But the advice he conveys is always accompanied by a role model or example from the giver or conveyer of that advice. This shows that between one method, namely advice, with other methods, in this case example, are complementary [22]. Good advice is advice that is in accordance with the development of the child's soul, and with good words the child hears, so that what the child hears enters the child's soul, and is then moved to put it into practice.

An example of good advice can be seen in Luqmanul Hakim's advice to his son [23], namely:


As stated in the discussion above, it is clear that parents in giving this advice must use soft words, which can touch feelings, so that children are moved to practice it in everyday life. And also this advice is conveyed through stories, stories, or parables. In addition, in advising children in the family, parents should also set a good example, because if the actions of the parents are not good, then the advice will not be obeyed by the child. Therefore, before advising children, parents must set a good example.

#### **2.4 Attention**

Educating with attention is to devote, pay attention to and always follow the development of children in creed and moral development, spiritual and social preparation, in addition to always asking questions about the situation of physical education and the power of scientific results. The lack of attention and supervision given by parents will make a child go wild from his environment. This attention cannot be measured and replaced with material gifts, because material is a physical need, while attention

#### *Post-Truth in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 Shaping Children's Morals in the Household DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102988*

is a spiritual need [24]. The failure of education at an early age will cause humans to burn their emotions by themselves which are not directed at their early age.

A child's instinctive need for love will continue to accompany him at any time, especially at an early age. This love is in the form of parental attention to their children. So that with the attachment of love from parents, children will easily accept what their parents teach in the household. The child will do it because of his concern. To both parents at any level and position should make caring for their children a basic part of the job, and make time every day for them.

Thus, parents should always pay attention and direct their children so that they are accustomed to carrying out religious teachings, and provide instructions and answers if children experience difficulties in carrying out religious teachings.

#### **2.5 Lecture**

The lecture method cannot be separated from weaknesses in its use, including interactions that tend to be centered (centered on the speaker) and do not provide opportunities for others to actively express their opinions. To overcome these shortcomings, the speaker needs to provide adequate explanations and explanations, movements and examples and use representative (clear) media to eliminate other misunderstandings about the material provided, for example materials related to aqidah or belief issues, for example, faith in angels, faith in the last day [25].

Educating through the lecture method is a way of conveying a subject matter by way of oral narrative to children or the general public. The method of educating with lectures is a form of educative interaction through information and verbal narration by teachers or parents and educators to a group of listeners (students, children) [26]. This understanding can be understood that basically this lecture method is carried out for children to provide subject matter by way of oral narrative. This method is very much done by educators that can be applied in households in educating children, because this method is considered easy to do, also cheap and does not require equipment.

In general, in society, children who reach adulthood will develop with their physical, mental and social conditions. They hang out with their friends in that association they find a partner that they feel is suitable for themselves. The change in intimate relationships then fosters a sense of love, which in the end both want marriage. This is what makes them fall into the promiscuity of a child, especially a girl, which results in forbidden love resulting in pregnancy outside marriage, dropouts occur. In fact, today's teenagers have free sex that has exceeded the limit called free sex, resulting in underage marriages that should not be wanted by their parents [27]. Underage marriages generally do not have the maturity of the soul in carrying out marriages, so that if they marry, then the husband and wife cannot carry out their rights and obligations properly as husband and wife in married life, and will cause shock because this has deviated from the existing provisions.

Marriage that is still too young invites many unexpected problems because the psychological aspects are immature such as anxiety and stress. Therefore, underage marriage can have an impact on children's anxiety, stress and depression. Early marriage is usually carried out at the age of under 19 years for women and men, they usually do not have a permanent job which in the end will be a burden on both parents [28]. If you already have children, this will add to the burden on your parents.

From the explanation of the verse above, parents must follow the changing times by giving gadgets to their children, but parents must control, protect, guide and

educate children so that they can provide direction to use it in a positive way so that they can maintain their children's religious education in the household. Therefore, parents should actualize in the family their rights and obligations as a responsibility for maintaining honor, religion, soul, mind and property to their children in the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0 [29]. Nurturing and raising children. This is a spontaneous urge for parents to implement. Because children really need attention from parents. Parents must always pay attention to what children are doing in this digital technology era, namely controlling what children access and do through their gadgets. Parents need to provide learning related to technological developments and become a fortress against children so they do not access negative content in the mass media through gadgets.

Protect and ensure health, both physically and spiritually from various diseases or environmental hazards that can harm children. This must also always be held by parents in the family towards their children, which cannot be denied in the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0. Many children are seen from the facts on the ground that cannot be separated from their gadgets, even though if this is done by children continuously, it has an impact on damaging and disrupting children's health [30]. That way, this is the right and obligation of parents as a responsibility that parents should not allow in educating their children. Educate with various knowledge and skills that are beneficial for children's lives. Parents should not prohibit children from getting to know digital technology but must accompany them in recognizing the development of science in this digital technology era [31]. Knowing the development of technology can make children creative and think well. Therefore, parents still have the responsibility to educate their children in accordance with the development of science and innovation in the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, but also pay attention and filter what children need to do in family social life.

To make children happy for the world and the hereafter by teaching religious education in accordance with the provisions of Allah SWT as the ultimate goal of life for every Muslim family. Parents must be fully aware of their rights and obligations as a responsibility in educating and fostering children continuously for each parent in accordance with current developments. This responsibility is an aspect of interest in educating children in the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0 [32]. However, parents must still be obliged to provide spiritual education in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic religion taught by the Prophet Muhammad to his people. Therefore, the responsibility of parents for the religious development of their children in the family becomes a life goal that parents must be held accountable for in the hereafter.

Paying attention and supervising what parents give to children, for example in the form of assets. This requires parents to always control what children want, because not all children's desires are their needs. Parents are also responsible for their rights and obligations towards children for the assets given to children considering that in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, it is possible for children to tend to choose digital technology in the form of gadgets as social media that is easy to obtain and use. In the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, where humans can access all information anywhere and anytime that can bring positive changes or lead to negative things. But it is religion that is the main fortress that guides a person to be a good person in the community and in the family, especially in educating children.

Thus parents must be sensitive to the lives of children at an early age, so that they can prevent children from promiscuity. Because when a child is trapped in promiscuity, it is difficult for parents to shape the character of a child to be good, it needs to be processed again. For example, if a child has entered a vicious circle or promiscuity, it is the parents themselves who are blamed, not someone else. So be a parent who cares about the future of the child. Because "Children are Parents' Most Valuable Assets".
