**1. Introduction**

Zoonotic infections may be defined as infections of animals that might be obviously transmissible to people. As such, they are worldwide and frequently unfold with humans via their partner and home animals [1, 2]. Zoonotic infections are among the most not unusual on earth and are accountable for over 60% of human infectious sicknesses, some of which can be as a result of helminth parasites. Contamination may also result from ingestion of infective levels of worms with food, infected soil; skin penetration, or direct animal contact. Parasites, such as helminths and protists, are considered pathogenic organisms that occur in developed and developing areas, which are responsible for both

foods—water-borne diseases. Their international prevalence is tough to estimate, however the world health organization (WHO) has indicated the worldwide disorder burden of 11 waterborne and foodborne parasitic illnesses, is liable for inflicting over 407 million ailments ensuing in an estimated 94 passable deaths and 11 million disability-adjusted life years [3, 4]. Parasitic helminths are followed by the parasites group that still need more studied as viruses and bacteria, which may pose a future risk to humans. Helminths are macro-parasites, commonly tapeworms (cestodes), roundworms (nematodes), or flatworms (trematodes), and are usually recognized for persistent infections of the gastrointestinal tract, although helminths can infect nearly all human tissues [5, 6].

Helminths include one of the most diverse and geographically widespread groups of parasites that infect humans and animals. Approximately 100 species had been mentioned from humans, generally generating asymptomatic infection or mild signs and symptoms. However, approximately 20 species are of public health significance inflicting severe or maybe fatal infections. Some of the most important and well-known human zoonoses are caused by worm or helminth parasites, including species of nematodes (trichinellosis), cestodes (cysticercosis, echinococcosis), and trematodes (schistosomiasis) [7, 8]. Others include intestinal capillariasis, anisakidosis, eosinophilic enteritis, oesophagostomiasis, and gnathostomiasis [9]. The change of surroundings via wars, famine and the ever expanding and increasingly population brings people into close contact with new environments and flora and fauna species which makes the observe and manage of zoonoses is special interest and complexity [10].

Those zoonotic helminths can cause human diseases and be transferred from consuming food. This food may be meat contaminated with the parasite (taeniasis; trichinosis); fish (diphyllobothriasis; Diplogonorus granidis; clonorchiasis; anisakiasis); invertebrates (paragonimiasis; angiostrongyliasis) or ingestion of the infective degree of the germ with contaminated soil (toxocariasis; hydatid) water or salad (fascioliasis; fasciolopsiasis; hydatid; toxocariasis); pores and skin contact with infected soil/water containing energetic infective larvae and subsequent pores and skin penetration (cutaneous larva migrans; cercarial dermatitis); from direct animal touch (hydatid; toxocariasis) or thru insect vectors/intermediate hosts thru ingestion (dipylidiasis; Hymenolepis diminuta or Inermicapsifer contamination) or injection by way of a mosquito (dirofilariasis; Brugia contamination) [1, 11]. Numerous parasites have been observed on ready-to-consume produce, indicating that modern-day sanitation tactics utilized in the manufacturing of, for example, salads, do not always bring about a product this is free of parasites of fecal origin [12, 13]. This displays that parasite transmission stages within the surroundings are typically incredibly proof against the sanitation approaches normally used inside the food chain. Moreover, as those organisms often have low infectious doses, they may constitute the main danger for customers. A worldwide ranking of foodborne parasites of public fitness significance prepare through the food and Agriculture enterprise (FAO)/WHO become launched in 2014 [14].

Zoonotic parasites may be divided into four classes: direct-zoonotic, meta-zoonotic, cyclo-zoonotic, and sapro-zoonotic. Direct zoonotic parasites infect people directly from animals and involve Entamoeba histolytica, *Cryptosporidium parvum*, *Toxoplasma gondii*, and *Sarcoptes scabiei*. Meta-zoonotic parasites, which contain *Fasciola* spp. and *Schistosoma* spp. can infect human beings from invertebrate intermediate hosts. Cyclozoonotic parasites have vertebrate intermediate hosts and consist of *Echinococcus granulosus*, *Taenia saginata*, and *Taenia solium*. Saprozoonotic parasites can infect people from soil or water and consist of *Ancylostoma caninum* and *Strongyloides stercoralis* [15, 16].

## *Perspective Chapter: Application of Probiotics to Inactivate Helminth Parasitic Zoonosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103744*

Because of the zoonotic nature of so sufficiently of those food or water-borne parasites, one health recognition technique is needed for controlling and preventing most of those infections. The one health method for tackling zoonotic illnesses desires to take into account the mitigation and prevention of ailment risks that originate at the interface among humans, animals (domestic and wild), and their environments. Accordingly, veterinarians, collectively with other meals and environmental experts worried about the production of food and agricultural and consuming water, play an extensive function in safeguarding food safety [17, 18].
