**1. Introduction**

Helminth parasites infect their hosts for an extended period, demonstrating their capacity to induce a new immunological and physiological equilibrium, which accommodates the invader [1]. Over parasites have evolved a unique arsenal of finelytuned biochemical adaptations that control, block, or initiate modification in pathways or distinct host cells in order to maximize the success of parasites through eons of evolutionary time [2, 3]. In this book chapter, we look at some of the most current and intriguing advances in the field of host-parasite interaction with molecular pathways where the parasitic worms are known as helminths that belong to the phyla of roundworms (nematodes) and flatworms (platyhelminthes), which are lower invertebrate's phyla. A vast range of helminth species may colonize a wide range of habitats and host organisms, evading host defense and expulsion systems in each case. Helminths' goal is to regulate and manipulate immunity in order to disarm immunological defenses, resulting in the host failing to eradicate parasites [4]. Helminths fundamentally gain hold by going undetected, primary disabling host recognition techniques that would otherwise trigger an alarm, and then infecting tolerance of parasite antigens by the immune system, as well as suppressing reactions to bystander antigens in allergy or autoimmune [5]. Where, the helminth's soft textured technique has consequences for the manner in which they engage with their hosts and their immune systems, implying that constant dialog is required to preserve the tolerance condition. Because stable populations of long-lived parasites characterize the disease, it is plausible to believe that the products secreted on a regular basis by live parasites that target different immune system components [2]. Supported this notion by the fact that most of the molecular mechanism of helminth infections are reversed after drug-mediated parasite clearance [6–8]. As a result, the antigens of helminths that are "excretory-secretory" (ES) have received a lot of attention, a practical method for collecting combinations of released proteins that have been around for over 60 years [9]. Of course, more recently, the use of mass spectrometry, transcriptomic, and genomics has revolutionized their knowledge to diverse preparations and compound by identifying parasites to release particular molecular components to change their surroundings [2]. Some, products like glycan, nucleic acids, and lipids, including miRNAs, as well as tiny molecules and metabolites, are released in a variety of "packages," one of which being lipid vesicles, as discussed below.
