**3.2 Sterile insect technique (SIT)**

SIT is a proven ecologically safe method of controlling wild populations. Since the 1950s, SITs have been employed to manage insect pests in the United States and across the world. SIT is a species-specific, non-polluting insect management approach that depends on the release of a large number of sterile insect [21–23]. Throughout


*ECFP, enhanced cyan fluorescent protein; Nix, male-determining factor gene; Aaeg-wtrw, Ae. aegypti water witch locus; kmo, kynurenine 3-monoxygenase; loqs, loquacious; r2d2, r2d2 protein; ku70, ku heterodimer protein gene; lig4, ligase4; m1C3 and m2A10, anti-parasite effector genes; AGAP005958, AGAP007280 and AGAP011377, An. gambiae femalefertility genes.*

#### **Table 2.**

*Crisper gene editing tool with target site and its application.*

the twentieth century, large-scale vector control initiative effectively reduced disease transmission levels to zero or near zero levels over areas. Countries which were close to elimination of malaria and yellow fever, include Cuba, Panama, Brazil and in Pan America [46–49] and Singapore (very low level of dengue incidence) [50–52].

Sterile insect technique involves following steps:


SIT may be a preferable method of reducing mosquito populations in places where the use of insecticides is not practical, is not accepted by the community, or where pesticide resistance has diminished insecticide efficacy (**Figure 5**).
