**3. Gene drive**

Gene drive are selfish genetic tools that can be re-designed to invade a population and they hold tremendous potential for the control of mosquitoes that transmit disease [10]. Targeting the mosquito vector in order to interrupt transmission has been the mainstay of successful malaria control programs over to interrupt transmission has been the mainstay of successful malaria control programs over the years. Gene drives represents a powerful tool to achieve this in a targeted way that is speciesspecific, requires minimal infrastructure and is self-sustaining (**Figure 3**). Moreover, if successful, the benefits of this type of intervention would be available to all, regardless of differential access to healthcare.

Several CRISPER/Cas9 based clinical therapies have been described in the last 3 years. Many clinical trials have been completed in recent years, with some results reported; including the CRISPER/Cas9 based clinical treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [10], sickle cell disease (SCD) [11], thalassemia and various cancer [12, 13]. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna

**Figure 3.**

*Role of CRISPR Technology in Gene Editing of Emerging and Re-emerging Vector Borne Disease DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104100*

**Figure 4.** *Mechanism of Crisper/Cas9.*

were given the Nobel Prize in 2020 in recognition of their accomplishment using CRISPER/Cas9 technology. The mechanism behind Crisper technique is shown in **Figure 4**. CRISPER gene editing tool in mosquito species mainly *Aedes aegypti*, *Anopheles stephensi*, *Anopheles gambiae* with target site and its application are shown is **Tables 2** and **3**.
