**2. Phages as therapeutics for uropathogenic** *E. coli* **(UPEC)**

Newer therapeutic options like phages are alternative treatment options for treating UTIs. Phages have been tried as a potential candidate for treating UTIs in a number of studies. Six lytic bacteriophages each at a titer of 106 p.f.u/ml to *P. aeruginosa* causing UTI showed a decrease in the number of target bacteria [9]. In another study, Pyo bacteriophages to *S. aureus*, *E. coli*, Streptococcus species, *P. aeruginosa*, and Proteus species causing UTI were given twice to patients after transurethral resection of the prostate in a solution form. The patients were asked to retain the phage solution for 30–60 minutes in their bladders. After phage therapy, a decreased bacterial count was seen in 67% of patients with no side effects [10]. In a recent study by Lorenz et al. a pyobacteriophage cocktail solution was given twice daily for 7 days in UTI
