*Bacteriophage Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections Caused by* Escherichia coli *DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105940*

and was found to be comparable to regular antibiotic therapy [11, 12]. Emerging antimicrobial resistance in UPEC has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant UPEC and extensively drug-resistant UPEC [10]. Initial studies showed the phage preparations were locally and orally applied to UTIs caused by *E. coli*, Staphylococcus, and Proteus species. A bacterial reduction of 84% was observed [13].

Broadly bacteriophages are now being used in infecting UPEC strains causing UTIs in four ways (**Table 2**).

