**4.1 Bacteriocins in boosting immune system**

Bacteriocins play an important role in boosting the immune system of the human beings. They allow the survival of specific bacterial strains in the


#### **Table 6.** *Bacteriocins in immune system.*


**Table 7.**

*Bacteriocins in inhibiting antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) food pathogens.*

gastrointestinal tract. For example, some strains of *Lactobacillus* spp. are able to resist modification by the host diet; also inhibit other killing factors and colonization by pathogenic species within the intestine. Hence, they improve the gut barrier function and host immune response. Bacteriocins also possess anticancer properties by inhibiting the growth of the tumor cells in some animals and humans. The examples of bacteriocins in immune system and anticancer properties are mentioned in **Table 6**.

### **4.2 Bacteriocins in inhibiting antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) food pathogens**

The bacteriocins inhibiting the antimicrobial-resistant strains of the microbes present within the food work on the principle of quorum sensing. They inhibit the competitive strains by directly influencing the niche competition [55]. The bacteriocins or producing strains that can inhibit the antimicrobial-resistant food pathogens are mentioned in **Table 7**.
