**6. Methods for treating algal toxins**

### **6.1 Treatment of algal toxins**

#### *6.1.1 potassium permanganate*

After reducing the quantity of algae that produces food enrichment (excessive growth), a potassium permanganate mixture with a concentration of 30 mg/l textured alum as coagulate was used. The concentrations of chlorophyll algal toxins per transaction were examined and compared to the standard at the end of the 72-h experiment mediated by the GC/MS device, in addition to reducing the productivity of the initial algae by reducing the concentrations of chlorophyll algal toxins per transaction. The results revealed the presence of algal toxins belonging to the groups Neurotoxins, Hepatotoxins, Pyriproxyfen, Emodin, Brevetoxins-10 (A), and Cytotoxins in the standard treatment, with a note detoxification algal 100% concentrations of 8 and 16 mg/l, respectively, textured potassium permanganate in comparison to the standard, which contained a lot of chemical compounds to algal toxins (**Figure 3**).

A result of the cessation of photovoltaic installation process stops the outer wall systems (systems enzymatic) to withdraw nutrients that enter into the composition of the algal toxin combination the non-arrival of light to stop light receptors [16], and the concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/l for the same article have some toxic compounds converted into non-toxic compounds and **Figures 4**–**8** describe them. Were treated toxins algal belonging to the group Neurotoxins a Besnfein Anatoxin-a, Homoanatoxin-a and the various toxins which is alkaline compounds Alkaloids with effect very quickly called and can be fatal in most cases where the cause muscle surrounding paralysis followed by a respiratory muscle paralysis, which leads to an inability to breathe then death.

These toxins, as seen in Hepatotoxins group Class Microcystin-LA, are the most common among toxins Cyanobacteria and have a severe impact, but death takes longer than nerve toxins, ranging from 5 min to a few days depending on several factors such as the weight of the animal, the type of poison, and the dosage, among others. Other forms of toxins, such as Pyriproxyfen, Emodin, and Brevetoxins-10, were shown to be effective in removing algal toxins that had emerged within the

**Figure 3.** *GC-MASS of algal toxins within the treated standard.*

#### **Figure 4.**

*GC-MASS of algal toxins within concentration of 2 mg/l.*

**Figure 5.** *GC-MASS of algal toxins within concentration of 4 mg/l.*

**Figure 6.** *GC-MASS of algal toxins within concentration of 8 mg/l.*

**Figure 7.** *GC-MASS of algal toxins within concentration of 16 mg/l.*

**Figure 8.**

*Concentrations of potassium permanganate and its impact on algae society compared to standard.*

conventional treatment of 8 and 16 mg/l potassium permanganate, as shown in **Table 2**.

The same material with concentrations of 2 and 4 mg/l has been converted into non-toxic and hazardous chemicals, as indicated in **Table 2**. The current study also suggests that potassium permanganate at concentrations of 8 and 16 mg/l, respectively, could be used to treat algal cells by stopping photosynthesis and disabling all vital events without tearing the outer wall of the moss, and then deposition blocs blooms to the pelvic floor and a rise in turbidity levels in the water column, as opposed to the standard, which shows a rise in biomass value and low turbidity **Figure 8**. Furthermore, all potassium permanganate concentrations of 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/l had no effect on the algae's outer wall. This is because to the potassium permanganate mixture's precise concentration of alum, which caused the algae's exterior wall to not tear, preserving the outer toxic blooming. It inhibits photosynthesis, resulting in a decrease in the primary productivity of chlorophyll-producing algae, solution Alum is necessary for the production of potassium permanganate and aids in the sintering, coagulation, and sedimentation processes [17]. Furthermore, potassium permanganate affects some algal toxins but not others, as it affects the toxins anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, and microcystin and analyses have valued the final removal,

