**2. Climate change**

According to NASA, climate change can be defined as persisting modification in the earth's climate, resulting from anthropogenic activities (industrialisation, burning fossil fuels, deforestation, etc.), which gives rise to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ultimately contributes to global warming. Climate change is attributed to the increase of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2 (418 ppm currently), which helps increase the surface temperature of our planet by about 1.01°C, and this trend is on the rise. This phenomenon also engenders warming of the oceans exceeding 0.4°F since the early 70s, a rapid decrease in ice mass (about 147 gigatons/year) in Antarctica, increasing in sea level (3.4 mm/year) and finally gives rise to different natural disasters like drought, heavy rainfall or acidification in the ocean [11].
