**2. Constraints responsible for low productivity of soybean in India**

The national and regional yield or productivity levels are low as compared to global level. There are many limiting factors responsible for low productivity which are the gap in genetic and breeding for variety improvement, gap in management practices, post-harvest handling, and socio-economic factors. One or more than one limiting factor will aggravate the adverse effect on productivity, which is commonly observed in dryland farming areas.

	- i.Inherent poor seed longevity,
	- ii. cultivation of single variety on large area mono-variety
	- iii. shattering losses due to delayed harvesting,
	- i.Cultivation of soybean crop under rainfed condition.
	- ii. sowing under delayed conditions (after sowing window).
	- iii.Non application of seed treatment and inoculation at the time of sowing.
	- iv.No/little use of organic manures
	- v.mixed sowing of seed with fertilizers
	- vi.Low or excess population of plant per hectare
	- vii.Imbalanced and improper fertilizer application
	- viii.Inefficient water management practices,
		- ix.Lack of proper insects and pests control measures
		- x.Disproportionate use of water in spraying of pesticides,
	- i.Proneness of soybean to field weathering
	- ii.Storage of soybean at higher seed moisture content can reduce the quality of seed for its use as seed material for sowing and may result in low or no germination of seeds
	- i.Timely unavailability of quality inputs,
	- ii.Poor coping techniques,
	- iii.Unavailability of credit loans to farmers at the time of sowing.
