**1. Introduction**

Genetic engineering, which is a branch of biotechnology, is the most important innovation in the present century. Since the 1990s, this technology has provided genetic and biological research to several novelties for human, animal, plant, health, agriculture, and nutrition (**Figure 1**). However, researchers are still interested in exciting new approaches to improving the technology.

Global population is expected to grow by 10 billion in the coming decades, along with climate change and drought. In addition to the shortage of crops, vegetables, and fruits, it is inevitable to increase inadequate nutrition and malnutrition. Following this problem, biotechnology approaches based on genome modification have been highlighted. In particular, editing the plant genome may be the most significant innovation for this purpose.

**Figure 1.**

*The possible benefits of genomic editing technologies.*

New genome editing technologies make it possible for researchers to know exactly and quickly the desired characteristics of the plant. These technologies could be a model of effectiveness that could change and enhance genes in crop production. In order to achieve this goal, several tasks are required between many disciplines, including plant breeders, molecular biologists, nutritionists, and even social scientists. Most authorities focus on global food security as well as malnutrition. In this chapter, we will attempt to present the importance of genome modification in herbs, methodologies, and correlation with health.
