**Author details**

Shakira Ghazanfar1 \*, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1 , Rameesha Abid1,2, Arshad Farid3 , Nosheen Akhtar4 , Nahid Akhtar Batool1,5, Sharjeel Khalid1 , Mohammad K. Okla6 , Saud S. Al-Amri6 , Yasmeen A. Alwasel6 and Yasir Hameed7

1 National Agricultural Research Centre, National Institute of Genomics and Agriculture Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan

2 Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

3 Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Khan, Pakistan

4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

5 Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-u-din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, Pakistan

6 Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

7 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

\*Address all correspondence to: shakira\_akmal@yahoo.com

© 2022 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
