*2.2.5 Diet*

It is clear that diet influences the maintenance of good cardiovascular health. And it is an essential tool to control other risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and even hypertension. It has been proven that diets such as the Mediterranean or DASH reduce cardiovascular risk. They are diets that improve markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and also contribute to improving the lipid and glycemic (improvement of insulin sensitivity) profiles, and endothelial function. In addition, they have proven antithrombotic properties. The consumption of fiber, omega-3 acids, vegetables and fruits, and whole grains seems to be decisive in reducing cardiovascular risk [33–36].

### *2.2.6 Smoking*

Tobacco continues to be one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. Since its consumption increases the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, through an enhanced inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and lipid profile [37]. In addition, its consumption increases the heart rate; myocardial contractility; thrombus formation by increased platelet activation and adhesion and procoagulant profile [38].

#### *2.2.7 Sedentary lifestyle*

Regular and moderate physical activity, which modifies muscle tissue and adipose tissue, has been shown to have a positive impact on health. It reduces systemic inflammation and has an antiatherogenic effect. Therefore, lack of physical activity is a cardiovascular risk factor [39].
