**Table 1.**

*Bioinformatic database.*

subcritical water extraction, ohmic heating, pulsed electric fields, and high hydrostatic pressure [30]. Since all peptides are not regarded as BP, it is pivotal to identify the BP among various other peptides. In this regard, bioinformatics and peptidomics are promising approaches proposed to discover BP effectively.

Peptidomics is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of a vast array of peptides in biological samples throughout protein hydrolysis, in which High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are performed to discover or identify peptides, even in complex matrices [60–62]. Fermented foods contain probiotics that possess proteolytic activity. These probiotics can be able to release BP enzymatically in foods containing proteins as a result of fermentation. In this regard, *Lactobacillus* bacteria is the epitome of BP production in fermented dairy products [60]. Gu et al. [63] identified a novel BP (NENLLRFF) using UPLC-MS/MS, which was produced by multi-species probiotics in yogurt. Those authors claimed that the newly found BP might have angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory, antioxidative, hypotensive, and stimulating properties. Peptidomics has advantages, such as it can accelerate peptide identification and does not require complete peptide separation [64]. Nevertheless, the main restriction associated with peptidomics is the difficulty or impossibility with regard to the identification of very short peptides (<5 amino acids), large-sized polypeptides, and disulfide cross-linked hetero-oligomers [60]. Employing appropriate tools to analyze and interpret the obtained peptidomics data is crucial, and bioinformatics, as a practical approach, provides a great opportunity for *in silico* analysis of biological data via various software (such as GalaxyPepDock) and database (which some of them are represented in **Table 1**).
