**5. Conclusion and future prospective**

Rhizobia have enormous potential in terms of innovative and more sustainable crop management approaches; yet, we only comprehend a small portion of this potential. The effectiveness of strains of rhizobia documented in this chapter emphasizes the unique qualities of plant growth induction, defense pathways, and the resilience spectrum available against different environmental stresses on a wide range of agricultural crops. Although it is the most investigated bacteria which finds its application in agriculture practices but only few strains are widely known for their efficiency and effective application in disease management, nutrient uptake and signaling compounds they produce. These are often used for promoting plant development, particularly in challenging situations like heat and drought, which are becoming more common as climate change proceeds. The discovery of such possible rhizobia strains, as well as the development of a viable technology for use by agricultural producers, are still in their early stages. Thus, we conclude that a definite and real improvement in the long term lies with the use of advanced analytical tools and their unification with classical experimental techniques to comprehend and then further exploit soil–plantmicrobe associations for ecofriendly and enhanced crop production. The identification of such promising rhizobia strains would allow for the extension of this study area, as well as improved agricultural sustainability.
