**5.2 Controlled traffic farming**

Since compaction is inevitable in agricultural operations, its minimization through operational management is critical to long-term sustainability. The essential principles of compaction management are the reduction of both tillage and field traffic. Modern

**Figure 27.** *Reversible subsoiler and its impact (Spoor, 2006) – [43].*

best practices decrease these elements in crop production processes to the smallest feasible levels. Compaction mitigation techniques are reviewed in this subsection.
