**Figure 10.**

*A proposed Blockchain-based FMS scenario.*

and stored data, but also to overcome the big latency that can be generated when querying databases [90] either by the public community or by the relevant partners. Combining IoT, RFID, and QR (Quick Response) code with Blockchain helps to build

#### *Digital Agriculture and Intelligent Farming Business Using Information and Communication… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102400*

powerful supply chain systems to track agricultural food from farmer to retailer and make product information accessible to all users [91]. **Figure 9** shows a proposed model for a supply chain enhancement use case. The food information is shared in all the supply chain phases. IoT and sensors collect data related to the environment where the crop is grown, the manufacturing conditions, the shipment and logistic flow, and the retailing environment. The consumer through his mobile application generates a transaction (new command of a product) and checks the product's shared details. On the other hand, the supplier can make his offer, the smart contract is for protecting the valid transaction between consumer and supplier, as well as storing the new transactions in the Blockchain system.

#### **6.7 Enhancement of farm management software**

Modern farming requires the modernization of all its processes including FMS (Farming Management Software), traditional FMS are based on a classical client-server based-approach, this method does not satisfy the growing demand on inputs-outputs as well as enough security level for data protection. With Blockchain technology, more sophisticated and secured systems for supply chain management, smart greenhouse, and livestock are provided, so that farmers and analysts who care about data integrity and uncertainty will not worry anymore about intentional or accidental alterations that can be caused by one of the information flow manipulators. It is expected that the FMS market growth will reach \$4.22 Billion by 2025 [92], thanks to the widespread of Blockchain solutions and the wide usage of IoT, sensors, as well as artificial intelligence in the farm management workflow. The model proposed in **Figure 10** explains an FMS use case. A secured and decentralized management of the farm's processes is achieved, the principal role of the smart contract is to authenticate all the decentralized processes and ensure the integrity of the transactions that can be occurred between them. The data gathered in each decentralized process are shared with the public consumers through the public Blockchain system, the consumer can check the origin, the expiry date, and other information related to the warehousing with a simple scan of the QR code of the product. If the consumer is satisfied, he/she can supply orders to the farmers, and the smart contract is established. The farm distributed processes and the consumers' orders are managed using the FMS decentralized consol.
