**3.1 Anticancer activity**

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and the spread of abnormal cells. It is the world's second leading cause of death, with a 10 million fatality rate annually [26]. A series of changes in the activities of cell cycle regulators are usually hooked up for cancer development and progression [27]. Generally, cancers are often named for the organ or cell type where the abnormal cells first form. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer are the most prevalent types of cancer in men, while breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid cancer are the

**Figure 4.** *Pharmacological activities of chili pepper.*
