**1. Introduction**

Capsicum is cultivated all over the world for a variety of applications needing different levels of quality and characteristics. Fresh or dried capsicums have been considered a foodstuff for many years due to the fact that they contain all of the required nutrients. Capsicum fruits have double the amount of vitamin C found in citrus fruits. In contrast, dried red chilies are high in vitamin A and β-carotene, making them a healthy snack option [1]. According to photochemical studies, it also has cancer-prevention due to the presence of higher antioxidant properties [2]. Capsaicin lotion is used therapeutically to treat arthritis and other painful chronic conditions [3]. Capsicum extracts are used in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Cultivating capsicum in pots or gardens as an ornamental plant is becoming trendier

these days [4]. Sweet pepper is the most important spice traded across the globe. It is possible to classify the capsicum market into five broad divisions depending on the fruit's shape and intended purpose. In the fresh market, whole fruits are available in green or red; in the fresh-processing market, sauce, paste, canning, and pickles are available; in the dried spice market, whole fruits and pepper powder are available; and in the decorative market, ornamental varieties are available [5]. The ultimate objective of capsicum breeding projects will change according to the needs of farmers and consumers. Biotic and abiotic stresses are taken into account during the breeding of capsicum varieties and hybrids.
