**3.4 Entomopathogens**

Entomopathogenic fungi are effective methods of controlling pests though it requires humid conditions to allow the propagules to penetrate the insect body, after which fungal development generally proceeds. A means of pathogen delivery is by using bees that were reported to be applicable for field crops [33, 34]. For instance, strains of *Beauveria bassiana* (Balsamo) Vuillemin have been shown to be virulent to *F. occidentalis* and *T. tabaci* [35, 36]. Bumble bees were used for pepper pollination and could distribute the *B. bassiana* conidia to flowers and leaves [37]. Since *N. cucumeris* is known to be unaffected by *B. bassiana*, [36], they have been reported to deliver inoculum for days or weeks without compromising other biological control methods.
