**8. Conclusion**

*Capsicum* is a well-diverse shrub commonly grown in different parts of the world. It is genetically diverse, with numerous cultivars and taxonomic derivatives. It has a widely described chromosome number of 2n = 24; however, some wild *Capsicum* species, such as *C. buforum, C. capylopodiume,* and *C. capylopodiume* have a ploidy level of 2n = 26. *C. frutescens* showed karyotypic formulae for 11M + 1SM + 1A and 11M + 1A. *Capsicum* has a relatively similar genomic content compared to tomato, as evidenced by the presence of Capsicum sequences complementary to many tomato cDNAs. To date, more than a thousand Capsicum genes have been annotated in the GenBank that will aid future research on improving the yield and biotic and abiotic traits of *Capsicum*. This comprehensive review is essential in understanding *Capsicum's* biology, genetics, and genomics toward improving its horticultural traits and nutritional and medicinal values.
