*4.3.2 Trueness (homogeneity): DNp (deviation number for panels)*

The calculation of the DNp (deviation number for panels) focuses on the sum of differences (squared) between duplicate results (median) and the reference result (median) in relation to the number of reference samples (in our case 4). The reference result (in this study) is defined as the mean over all four test results.

DNp = sum of differences (squared) between duplicate results (median) and the reference result\* (median) in relation to the number of reference samples (4).

\* Reference result = median of results from all considered test situations (DOP remote, DOP *in situ*, SOP remote, and SOP *in situ*)


→ Proof of trueness/homogeneous results (statistically acceptable)

**Figure 15** shows for the attribute fruitiness, that the deviation number for SOP is in line with the requirements, that is: well below the warning limit of 1.0 and the action limit of 2.0). This is the case for bitterness and pungency as well, not shown here. Based on these findings, it is proven that results of SOP are homogeneous between different test situations and statistically acceptable (= aspect of trueness).
