*4.3.4 Precision (repeatability, consistency): PNp (the precision number for panels)*

The calculation of the PNp (the precision number for panels) focuses on the sum of differences (squared) between duplicate panel results (mean) in relation to the number of duplicate samples (in this study 10).

PNp = sum of differences (squared) between duplicate panel results (mean) in relation to the number of duplicate samples (10)


→ Proof of precision/consistent results (statistically acceptable)

We can see in the figure for fruitiness (**Figure 17**) that the results of the precision number for panels from SOP are in line with the requirements, that is—well below the action limit of 2.0. This is the case for bitterness and pungency as well, but not shown here. Based on these findings, it is proven that results of SOP are consistent and precise between different test situations and statistically acceptable.

**Figure 16.** *En (SOP) fruitiness (n = 9).*

*PNp (SOP) fruitiness (n = 9).*
