**4.1 Median lethal effects of lead bullet in human**

The reported LD50 (450 mg/kg) of lead in human indicates that lead is very dangerous to life. The concentration, 100 mgpb/m3 is unsafe [33]. However, blood concentration of lead (525 μg/dl) after 5 months caused epilepsy and death, but 10–60 μg/dl for 21 days caused neurological signs [47], as 6.25 μg/dl (0.3 μM) damaged and reduced dopamine uptake [48] and up to 97.2 μg/dl can cause acute death [49]. The concentration of pb (>50 μg/dl) at 60-day increased D1 receptors in the striatum, but decreased D1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens [50]. Lead (5.2–20.8 μg/dl) reduced glutamine synthetase activity [51], as 38.2 μg/dl caused abnormal oligodendrocytes [52]. Where blood lead level is below 45 μg/dl, chelation is not recommended [53]. The calculated 1080 mg of lead poisoning antidote agrees with the report indicating that, 500–1000 mg of penicillamine can be used for treatment of plumbism in man [54]. Accumulation of lead in astrocytes altered neurotransmitter release, receptor density, impaired development and function of oligodendrocytes, caused abnormal myelin function, neurotrophic factor expression, abnormal dendritic branching patterns, disruption of blood brain barrier, thyroid hormone transportation to brain, lowered IQ, impaired neuropsychological function and impaired academic achievement [55]. Interspecies comparison of lead LD50 between rat and mouse using regression analysis, showed high correlation of 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. LD50 variability showed 90% probability; 54% in one category, and 44% in adjacent category suggesting the possibility of an alternative method to conventional in-vivo acute oral toxicity test [56]. Blood lead concentration was significantly higher among Australian consumers of meat contaminated with lead-based ammunition (≤18.1 μg/dl daily), as compared to non-consumers of lead-based ammunition meat (≤7.4 μg/dl rarely) [57].

*Ecotoxicity Effects of Lead Bullets in Human and Wildlife: The Consequences… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105850*
