**3. Results**

LD50, ED50, clearance, LD1, and volume of distribution of lead bullet in adult human, Red grouse, Mallard, Partridge, pheasant, Woodpigeon and Woodcock are presented in **Tables** 1 and 2. However indices of lead poisoning at various concentrations are presented in **Table** 3. Concentrations of lead (≤ 5 � > 100 mg/dl) are


*Keys: LD50 = Median lethal dose; ED50 = Effective dose fifty; Cl = Clearance; LD1 = Lethal dose for 1 human; Vd = Volume of distribution; AUC = Area under curve; β = Elimination rate constant; MRT = Mean residence time; T½β = Elimination half-life.*

#### **Table 1.**

*Toxico-therapeutic and pharmacokinetic parameters of lead in adult human.*


*Keys: LD50 = Median lethal dose, ED50 = Effective dose fifty; Cl = Clearance; LD1 = Lethal dose for 1 human; Vd = Volume of distribution.*

#### **Table 2.**

*Toxicokinetic parameters of lead bullet fragments in birds.*


*Ecotoxicity Effects of Lead Bullets in Human and Wildlife: The Consequences … DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105850*

**Table 3.** *Toxicological indices of lead poisoning in human.*

injurious to haematological, neurological, cardiovascular, reproductive, renal, immunological and respiratory systems (**Table** 3). The calculated maximum tolerated dose of lead for 70 kg weighed man was 337.1 mg/kg. Bioavailability was 82.3%, whereas 62% of lead was cleared in the urine and 42% sequestrated in various tissues of 70 kg weighed man. Inhaled lead (525 μg/dl) would translate to 622 μg/dl over a period of 5 months with elimination rate of 1.2 h.
