**10.5 Utilization of traditional ways instead of modern techniques**

The technical issues hinder efficient and broader health care management. In most of places the conventional approach to deal with waste treatment especially health care waste is in practice. The modern techniques of collection, segregation, and processing are very expensive and adopted mostly only by developed and highly industrialized countries. These techniques are expensive to purchase and maintain, sophisticated, and difficult to operate, thereby often inadequate for the socioeconomic conditions of developing and underdeveloped countries to be used extensively. Even though if systems are procured and utilized after a short period of usage, usually only very few systems remain in operation for want of trained staff and maintenance cost. Other technical factors apart from insufficient technologies are lack of trained and technically skilled personnel within [66], poor infrastructure and roads, and old vehicles [67, 68]. There is a lack of validated and authenticated data systems making it unreliable to know the exact level of HCW generation, processing, and its effects [59].

Some key elements for improving healthcare waste management are

