**3. Dormancy of the crops and weeds**

As discussed, the dormancy of crops & weeds goes on the season. Dormancy is the state of seeds and buds were alive but not germinating if the process takes place once the seedlings get destroyed. Dormancy allows the storage of millions of seeds in the soil and enables them to grow in flushes over the years. In this context the

horticulturist saying will fit onto "One-year seeding seven-year weeding" appropriately fit onto the heading, the high persistence of seeds results from their multifaced mechanism important among these are; prolific seed production, vegetative propagation, rapid dispersal, inherent hardiness, evasiveness, self-regeneration, selective invention and weed success. Whereas weeds and seeds are dormant for three reasons i.e. enforced dormancy, innate dormancy and induced dormancy. Finally, the overall persistence of weed depends upon its capability to adopt one or more of the abovecited features. A weed species that embodied the majority of these factors is surely a horrible weed (**Figure 2**).

To conclude seed dormancy has different elaborations based on the different lookout and thinking of beings, this was a highly complicated phenomenon and weakly understood even though a huge number of publications available on this topic, as mentioned factors above the complexity are due to mechanical, physiological and biological some time it may be controlled by the environment. The known fact of dormancy not only induction and braking but complications were interrelated issues with the seed's anatomy and physiology like seed coat, embryo, cotyledon, endosperm, cell organelles, nuclei, all need much research with the role of external environment on seeds. Weeds are of most concern to farmers as well as researchers, backup data is available on this but less research relating to seed coat structure, temperature, pressure, light, hormones synthetic chemical enzymes metabolites and related chemical factors need to be explored, however seed dormancy and weed is the main issues needs in-depth research to solve the formers researchers issues related to field environment or chemical composition both are interrelated vice and versa [3].

#### **Figure 2.**

*Flowchart representing changes in dormancy level and termination of dormancy in seed populations and the factors that most likely affect each process (source: Reprinted from field crops research 67 [2], R. L. Benech-Arnoldet al., environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil, pp. 105–122, copyright 2000, with permission from Elsevier science).*
