**4.2 Temperature treatments**

*Temperature Treatments;* when dormancy is caused by embryo factor, the seed is incubated at a low temperature (0–5°C) on a substratum for 3 to 10 days, allowing it to reach its optimum temperature. Germination necessitates the presence of this ingredient. - Take mustard, for example (Brassica campestrits). Before germinating at the proper temperature, some seeds required a brief period of incubation (from a few

hours to one to five days) at 40 to 50°C. (When using this approach, make sure the seed has a moisture level of no more than 15%, for example, paddy) (Oryza sativa). Breaking hard-seed ness in legumes with hot water treatment is also an effective strategy. The seeds are steeped in water at a temperature of 80°C for 1–5 minutes in this approach before putting for germination (depending up on the type of seed) [29].

### **4.3 Light treatments**

*Light Treatments;* some seeds do not germinate in dark thus are providing with continuous or periodic exposure of light is essential for example Lettuce (*Lactuca sativa*) required red light (660 nm) or white light is essential for germination to occur [20].
