**3.2 Endogenous dormancy**

*Endogenous dormancy* is divided into physiological dormancy, morphological dormancy, and combined (morpho-physiological) dormancy, and is typically triggered by factors within the embryo itself [23–25].


require time to enable the embryo to grow and germinate as well as dormancy breaking treatment. Seeds are dormant both morphologically and physiologically. Morpho-physiological dormancy, also known as morphophysiological dormancy, occurs when seeds with immature embryos exhibit physiological dormancy. As a result, dormancy-breaking procedures and a period of time to generate fully formed embryos are required for these seeds.


c.Deep simple epicotyl

