*2.2.1 Glycerol synthesis*

Glycerol synthesis reactions can occur in more than one way in plants, with the most common pathway being the fructose diphosphate (FDP) pathway. It is also known as the EMP pathway, after Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas, who discovered the pathway. Glucose is converted to fructose and enriched in energy by phosphorylation, then fructose-1,6-diphosphate is cleaved by aldolase to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), each with 3 carbons (**Figure 2**).

**Figure 2.** *Production of gylecerol from glucose [39].*

The two triose-phosphates are in equilibrium with each other and the equilibrium is maintained by triose-phosphate-isomerase. DHAP is converted to glyceraldehyde phosphate by 3-phospho-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde phosphate is further converted by phosphotosis to yield glycerol and orto-phosphate [39].
