**5. Indication and strategy of pharmacological prophylaxis no orthopedic surgical patients**

#### **5.1 Trauma patients**

Five [21, 22, 25–27] of seven (71%) CPGs included recommendations about pharmacological prophylaxis in major trauma patients after assessment to identify the risk of VTE and bleeding.

#### **5.2 General and abdominal-pelvic surgery**

This group included patients undergoing gastrointestinal, urological, and gynecologic surgeries. Six [21, 22, 24–26, 28] of the seven (86%) CPGs included recommendations about pharmacological prophylaxis in patients undergoing general and pelvic abdominal surgery depending on the type of risk (low, moderate, or high) after an individual assessment.

#### **5.3 Thoracic surgery**

Five [21, 24–26, 28] of the seven (71%) CPGs included recommendations for thoracic surgery after an individual risk assessment. Not included recommendations in cardiac surgery.

*Methodological Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pharmacological Prophylaxis… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103660*

#### **5.4 Vascular surgery**

This group included recommendations for patients undergoing a lower limb amputation and varicose vein surgery. Six [21, 22, 24–26, 28] of the seven (86%) CPGs included recommendations for pharmacological prophylaxis in patients whose risk of VTE outweighs the risk of bleeding.

#### **5.5 Laparoscopic surgery**

Laparoscopic surgery can include procedures ranging from a very short diagnostic laparoscopic procedure to lengthy major surgery, e.g., laparoscopic colectomy. Three [22, 24, 25] CPGs of the seven (43%) included recommendations about pharmacological prophylaxis for patients with risk factors for VTE.
