**Table 2.**

*Plant gums loaded with NPs as antibacterial agents.*

and 5μg of Gum Tragacanth loaded with silver nanoparticles were added to the center well with a diameter of 6mm. Culture plates loaded with discs of antibiotic, erythromycin (15μg/disc) were included as positive controls. The result of this research is stated in **Table 2**.

Silver NPs can also be loaded on *P. domestica* plant gum according to research performed in 2017, which showed an antibacterial effect on both Gram-positive (*Staphylococcus aureus*) and Gram-negative (*E. coli* and *P. aeruginosa*) bacteria. Disc diffusion method was used for Antibacterial assay using Gram-positive (*S. aureus*), Gram-negative (*Escherichia coli*), and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, three independent experiments were carried out for each bacterial strain with streptomycin as the positive control. Au/Ag-NPs (5 μg) were dissolved in DMSO8 and incubated at 30°C for 24 h. the result and reference for this article are stated in the table down below.

Kondagogu gum loaded with silver nanoparticles also demonstrated antibacterial effect against Gram-positive *S. aureus* and Gram-negative *E. coli.* Variety of susceptibility assays was done in this study in order to demonstrate the antibacterial effects including micro-broth dilution, anti-biofilm activity, growth kinetics, cytoplasmic content leakage, membrane permeabilization, etc. The production of reactive oxygen

<sup>8</sup> D-methyl-sulfoxide.

species (ROS) and cell surface damage during bacterial nanoparticle interaction were also demonstrated using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, N-acetylcysteine; and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra.
