**2. Chemical character and chemical composition of plant gums**

Toxic reagents are used in the synthesis and stabilization of commercially generated metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, raising the danger of chemical contamination and acute toxicity, which should be considered in clinical applications. As a result of the rising need for environmentally acceptable technology for the synthesis of antimicrobial fillers, safer approaches with reduced toxicity have gotten a lot of attention. As eco-friendly production of metal/metal oxide nanostructures for purposes like drug delivery, diagnosis, bioengineering, bioremediation, catalysis, antibacterial and antifungal agents, etc. is anticipated in the future. Also, greener strategies for nanomaterials synthesis are still being explored [7].

Green chemistry is related to the practices that promote the development of medicine and processes that decrease or eliminate the usage and creation of hazardous compounds. Biopolymers including cellulose, chitosan, dextran, and tree gums, for example, are frequently utilized as reducing and stabilizing agents in metal NP production. Plant-based ingredients (extracts, stems, gums, seeds, and fruits), among other biological sources, have been shown to be an efficient constituent for synthesizing nanoparticles while maintaining other important factors such as material cost, large-scale production capacity, and potential uses in a variety of applications. The pressure, temperature, solvent, and pH of the medium all play a role in the plant-based biogenic production of nanomaterials [8].

Gum Arabic, gum Karaya, gum Kondagogu, gum Tragacanth, gum Ghatti, Cashew gum, Guar gum, Olibanum gum, and Neem gum, are some examples of greener alternatives with useful chemical properties that have been successfully used for the production and stabilization of NPs.
