*3.5.1 Chemical composition, manufacturing and application*

The aqueous extract of gum Tragacanth (Astragalusgummifer), a renewable, nontoxic natural phyto-exudate, can be used to develop a simple and environmentally acceptable technique for the green production of silver nanoparticles. Reductants and stabilizers are provided by the gum's water-soluble components. The probable functional groups involved in nanoparticle reduction and capping have also been identified [28].

The sol-gel technique can be used to make Ni0.35Cu0.25Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles utilizing Tragacanth gum as a bio-template and Metals nitrate as a metal supply. The advantages of this approach include a simple set-up, moderate reaction conditions, quick reaction periods, the use of a cost-effective catalyst, and good product yields. The catalyst may be easily recycled and reused several times without losing its catalytic activity [29].


## **Table 1.**

*Greener synthesis of NPs using plant gums.*

Nano-particles that can be loaded on plant gums are stated briefly in **Table 1**.
