**4. Disadvantages of using graphene platforms**

Drug delivery through nanocarriers has been used successfully in recent years; however, there are still certain challenges that must be addressed to achieve successful drug delivery to target sites. Each of these nanocarrier drug systems has its own chemical, physical and morphological characteristics, and may have an affinity for the different polarities of drugs through chemical or physical interactions, in addition to its own toxicity [119–123]. One of the goals of using GQDs platforms is to transport and deliver ligands to specific tumor targets and improve antitumor therapy by taking advantage of the supposedly low toxicity of this nanomaterial. However, and as was discussed above, one of the main problems with GQDs and GQD platforms is the lack of toxicological studies that effectively demonstrate their safety and biocompatibility. We have nothing to indicate that they have low toxicity, if there is no evidence to prove this. Additionally, there are several issues inherent to GQDs, the therapeutic targets to be reached and the drugs to be delivered that we must take into consideration.

One of the main problems with small nanomaterials, including GQDs, is the tendency toward aggregation. The lack of dispersion of a nanomaterial can result in
