**7.7 Young's modulus**

Young's modulus, often known as elastic modulus, is a measure of a film's stiffness or elasticity. This reflects the films' resistance to deformation, which may be measured by graphing the stress–strain curve, where the slope denotes the modulus, i.e. the higher the slope, the higher the tensile modulus. The narrow slope, on the other hand, indicates a lower tensile modulus and deformation. Simply put, a film with higher tensile strength and greater Young's modulus values is rigid, brittle, and has little elongation. The Young's modulus may be measured with a texture analyser, with the slope acquired from the stress–strain curve [2]. Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of applied stress to strain in the elastic deformation area, which may be calculated using the formula below.

$$\text{Young's modulus} = \frac{\text{Slope}}{\text{Film thickness} \times \text{Cross head speed}} \times 100\tag{3}$$
