**3. Natural gum characteristics and sources and ways to create green nanofibers**

Natural gums, which belong to the polysaccharide family, are often used to increase the viscosity of solutions, even at low concentrations. Natural gums are hydrophobic substances mostly obtained from plants or bacteria. Because the gum molecules are biological, they have a wide range of linear chain lengths, branching features, molecular weight, and other characteristics. Gums are divided into four categories based on their source of origin: (a) plant exudate gum (such as gum Karaya, Salai gum, and gum Arabic), (b) seed gum (such as Guar gum, Locust bean gum, and Tamarind gum), (c) microbial gum (such as Xanthan gum, Gellan gum, and Dextran gum), and (d) marine gums (such as alginic acids) [9].

Various techniques are used in the green synthesis of nanofibers. The plant extracts will be used in: (a) mixing and agitation in a controlled environment, (b) autoclaving, (c) microwave (MW)-assisted technique, (d) ultrasonic irradiation, and (e) UV/visible light irradiation.
