**4.3 Copper nanoparticles**

These nanoparticles may have great antibacterial effects if they are loaded on suitable plant gum drug carriers.

In a study, copper oxide (CuO) was used as a NP and was loaded on gum Karaya. The CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by a colloid-thermal synthesis process. The synthesized CuO was purified and dried to obtain different sizes of CuO nanoparticles. The well diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of the synthesized CuO nanoparticles on gram-negative and positive cultures. The zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the broth microdilution method.

Gum Kondagogu loaded with Copper is another example of using plant gums as drug carriers for copper nanoparticles. The synthesized CuNPs were characterized by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR experimental methods and then were tested on *Klebsiella Pneumoniae.*
