**5.5 Others**

Next are collected the most recent studies of polymeric and lipid nanocapsules as drug carriers not included in the previous groups:

Regarding polymeric nanocapsules, systems prepared from PLA and PLGA were loaded with glucantime, active against leishmaniasis, and the anti-hyperglycaemic flavonoid chrysin, respectively [92, 93]. Another example is that of the chitosan nanocapsules prepared with the novel excipient Compritol® for transdermal delivery of imiquimod, a modifier of the immunological response [94]. Natural polymers k-carrageenan and chitosan were deposited onto olive oil nanoemulsion droplets via LBL self-assembly. The anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal was used as a lipophilic drug model in the nanocapsules thus prepared and was introduced into the oily core [24]. Also, a new system was developed with optimized hyaluronan nanocapsules for intra-articular delivery of the anti-inflammatory celecoxib [95]. In addition, Eudragit® nanocapsules loaded with nicotine as an adjuvant were studied for the anti-inflammatory therapy of the central nervous system. In this case, some polymer toxicity was observed [96]. An alternative to insulin therapy for diabetes is the use of nanocapsules loaded with anthocyanin. A study explored the potential use of purple sweet potato extract, with high levels of anthocyanin, loaded onto carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate nanocapsules [97].

On the other hand, there are several examples of lipid nanocapsules for the delivery of diverse drugs; lipid spherical nanocapsules with negative zeta potential were prepared with Labrafac® lipophile WL 1349 and Lipoid®, and incorporated in a gel for topical administration. The local anesthetics prilocaine and lidocaine were successfully encapsulated [98]. Phospholipid nanocapsules of three sizes were obtained and loaded with astragaloside to treat age-related macular degeneration. Ocular penetration was corroborated through pharmacokinetic studies [99].
