**5. Biological control strategies of pesticides**

Biopesticides are usually happening compounds or agents acquired from creatures, plants, and microorganisms like microbes, cyanobacteria, and microalgae and are utilized to control farming nuisances and pathogens. There are many kinds of biopesticides, and they are arranged by their extraction sources and the sort of molecule/ compound utilized for their readiness. The classifications are microbial pesticides, biochemical pesticides, insect pheromones, plant-based extracts, essential oils, insect growth regulators, and hereditarily adjusted creatures (GMOs) [31].

#### **Figure 9.**

*Stages for confirming a pesticide in the market [33].*

A proficient observing framework that consistently tests food things for pesticide residues, is a solid motivation for framers to utilize synthetic compounds carefully. Except if defiled shipments can be distinguished, ranchers may not know or care whether the products they are selling contain pesticide residues. Notwithstanding, the offices required for compound testing are costly, while there is some debate over the precision of the less expensive bioassay technique. One promising methodology is HACCP—Hazard Analysis at Critical Control Points. This gander at the entire chain of pesticide conveyance and use and chooses the specific places where activity is plausible and will influence [32]. **Figure 9** described the requirements for chemical pesticides to be accepted and used in the market [33].

#### **6. Conclusion**

In this chapter, the authors tried to review some of the biological and molecular effects of pesticides on the human body in a few critical ways, from cellular to molecular ones. In the past, insufficient information about the biological effects of chemical substances caused an increase in disease and physical damage. Nowadays, by announcements from international organizations and loading, logical papers agrochemicals more frequently control dangerous bugs and, on a parcel more restricted measure, natural creepy-crawly showers. Despite its viability, the purposeless utilization of chemical pesticides in engaging natural issues causes genuine environmental

problems to human well-being, reduces the number of standard adversaries, and gives safe creepy crawlies.

Conversely, biopesticides, utilized for more than a century, are retainers of highlights less significant on the climate and less unsafe to people at any point.

Moreover, biological controlling methods and passing approved and standard processes for manufacturing chemical sprays could be helpful in this way for reducing the consequences of chemical compounds. The study of binding pesticides to proteins is toxicologically essential. This study is expected to provide crucial insights into the interaction of biomacromolecules with pesticides.

There are different molecular assessments of pesticides and their effect on proteins. Still, molecular docking is a well-known program for predicting the interaction of pesticides as ligands and macromolecules like hemoglobin as a target to estimate the penetration of the chemicals on protein pockets. Other analytical assessments, for instance, using spectroscopic methods, could be pretty helpful.
