*3.2.1.4 Suspendable concentrates (SCs) or flowables*

Suspendable Concentrates (SCs) or Flowables are used for pesticides, which are just too sparingly soluble to be made inform of ECs but can be formulated to become water-based mixtures, which are handled and applied in the same manner as ECs. SC or flowable is a liquid formulation containing a stable suspension of a *solid* pesticide active ingredient in a solvent, usually intended for dilution with water at the farm before use. They contain 50–90% by weight of toxicants and are basically WP's of much smaller particle sizes (1–5 μm), which remain in suspension for long periods. Suspendability and storage stability are improved by inclusion of adjuvants (such as *surfacta*nts, e.g. emulsifiers, penetrants etc.) which improve the physical and chemical properties and enhance the control effect. Oils such as kerosene can be added when penetration into plant parts such as leaves is desired. A *water-miscible organic liquid*, or a mixture of multiple fluids, is usually used to dissolve water-insoluble or partially soluble pesticide a.i.
