**3.3 Soil erosion**

Soil is composed of different constituents such as sand, silt, clay, minerals, organic matters, etc. These components of soil facilitate the adsorption of pesticide molecules to soil particles. The adsorption of pesticides determines their persistency in soil ecosystems. Pesticides that are hydrophobic tend to be get adsorbed to soil particles when applied in the crop fields [19]. These pesticides strongly bind in the soil and lose the chance of surface runoff. However, when the weather conditions become dry, that leads to soil erosion leading to the transfer of pesticides from crop fields to other regions and may reach the nearby aquatic systems. Some examples of pesticides that are displaced only when the soil particles are eroded are organochlorines, paraquat, and arsenical pesticides. These pesticides strongly bind to the soil particles and contaminate the water bodies only when erosion occurs in that area.
