*2.3.2 IPM approaches*

Deep summer ploughing should be done in May and June to expose nematodes, rodents, and pupating larvae to radiation and predation termite management will be facilitated by the use of well-rotten farmyard manure, while it will be lowered by planting late and treating seeds with chlorpyriphos at a rate of 4 ml per kg of seeds prior to sowing. *Trichogramma* sp. was released at a rate of 50000 per acre for 2 to 3 times to suppress lepidopteran pests [13]. Need based insecticides viz., bromadiolone 00.005% RB for Indian field mouse, field rat, carbofuran 3% CG for ear cockle nematode, cereal cyst nematode, cypermethrin 10% EC for shoot fly, fipronil 0.3% GR for termites, imidachloprid 48% FS for aphids and termites, quinalphos 25% EC for aphid, ear head caterpillar and mite, thiamethoxam 70% WS for termites & aphids, thiamethoxam 25% WG for aphids were effectively utilised [20].
