**1. Introduction**

Agriculture systems around the world must produce more food while producing less waste. Sustainable agricultural practices and food systems, which cover both production and consumption, must be evaluated holistically and fully to be effective. Tropical plants include fruit, climbers, flowering perennials, annuals, and bulbous plants as well as indoor and outdoor floral plants. Also included in the list of tropical plant species are ferns, palms, and other plants. To grow these plant species successfully in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, several factors are needed to be taken care of. Because they are crucial to food production and are getting harder to get in many parts of the world, healthy soils, clean water, and plant genetic resources must all be used and maintained sustainably. With the expectation that there would be 9 billion people on the planet by the year 2050, an increase in crop output and quality would be necessary to satisfy the needs. An expanded discussion on how to grow fruit and ornamental plants for esthetic, dietary, and nutraceutical benefits may be found in the introductory chapter. The impact of technological advancements on the sustainable cultivation of plants is also examined. Further, the integrative strategies including OMICS and reliable methods for gene discovery and genome sequencing, as well as the application of CRISPR/Cas and gRNA/Cas, organelles transformation innovations, and value-adding strategies such as biopharming to create superior plants for agronomic, industrial, and value-adding features are highlighted.
