**3. Micropropagation**

*Phalaenopsis* orchids are very difficult to germinate in nature because their seeds have no endosperm with nutrients for germination and to vegetatively propagate such as the method of bulb division. Therefore, propagation thorough aseptic culture has been desired. This section reviews the mass propagation methods using the tissue culture technic (micropropagation) and its problems in *Phalaenopsis*.

#### **3.1 Aseptic sowing method**

The aseptic sowing method greatly affected the industrial production of *Phalaenopsis* Orchids. A method of aseptically germinating the *Phalaenopsis* seeds with no endosperm on a medium that can artificially supply nutrients was developed. Many new cultivars have been created and produced in this method using various mediums, such as Knudson medium [16, 17], Vacin and Went (VW) medium [18], Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium [19], and Hyponex (Kano) medium [20]. However, the characteristics and quality of mature plants derived from seedlings are tending to vary genetically. Therefore, the development of a method to propagate moth orchids vegetatively using tissue culture and the production of clonal plantlets with the same traits has been desired.
