**1. Introduction**

Changes in pest populations and natural enemies in the tropics are more difficult to understand and manage due to various factors such as climate change and nonjudicial use of control techniques [1]. The crop health and production are thus, irreparably harmed across the world in addition to the time-worn exploitation of synthetic organic pesticides that rooted an increased chemical pressure in agroecosystems ensuring technical, environmental and health consequences [2]. As a result, there is a rising awareness of the harmful impacts of chemical pesticides, leading to the notion of integrated pest management, which is esteemed as an ecosystem-based pest control philosophy aimed at achieving protracted pest or damage prevention through a holistic approach [3]. The concept of IPM was established as an alternative to pesticides and the strategy entails a combination of techniques in a coordinated manner to keep insect populations below the threshold at which they cause significant loss [4]. The

key components of this technique include compatible cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods of controlling insect pests and rodents [5]. Managing the diversity of natural enemies to promote crop productivity could help minimise the usage of synthetic pesticides in agriculture [6]. Landscape management, on the other hand, has been shown to increase the prevalence of natural enemies, hence improving biological control and perhaps reducing pesticide use [7]. They are well-known for causing significant crop yield losses by reducing plant survival, growth, and reproduction. Global yield losses are estimated to be between 7.9% and 15.1% [8]. Along with the notion of Integrated Pest Management, pest control practices are divided into two categories: human input-based practices and biodiversity-based practices [9]. The IPM strategy entails using a variety of techniques in a coordinated manner to keep insect populations below the threshold at which they cause significant loss and reduces the use of chemical pesticides, minimising their negative consequences [10]. The farmers' perception is that pesticides can give a quick and certain control within a short period. They lack knowledge of other management strategies and considered them as not practical because of lack of training. In this chapter, we have briefly described the important tropical crops and their integrated management which will be useful for training personnels and researchers.
