*7.2.2 IPM approaches*

Soil solarisation during June will help in reducing the soil-borne insects. However, care should be taken that sufficient moisture is present in the soil for its solarisation. Clipping of borer damaged shoots and collection and destruction of damaged fruits i.e., clean cultivation helps in management of borer and phomosis disease effectively. Seed of popular hybrids is sown in beds in the first week of July. Weeding should be done from time to time and infected seedlings should be rogued out from the nursery [57]. Bird perches @ 10/acre should be erected for facilitating field visits of predatory birds [58]. Blue/yellow sticky trap should be installed for hoppers, aphids, white fly etc. [59]. Give 2 to 3 sprays of 5% NSKE against sucking pests and borer. Neem oil (2%) application reduces borer infestation, though marginally. Pheromone traps @ 5/ acre should be installed for monitoring and mass trapping of shoot & fruit borer *Leucinodes orbonalis*. Replace the lures with fresh lures after every 15–20-day interval. Release egg parasitoid *T. brasiliensis* for shoot & fruit borer, 4–5 times at weekly intervals. Apply neem cake @ 250 kg/ ha (in two splits) in soil along the plant rows at 25 and 60 DAT for reducing nematodes and borer damage [60]. If the borer incidence crosses ETL (5% infestation), apply cypermethrin 25 EC (0.005%) or carbaryl 50 WP, if the incidence of leaf hopper and other sucking insect pests is still above ETL, then apply imidacloprid 17.8 SL.
