*8.1.2 IPM approaches*

Collection and destruction of crop debris, insect-damaged plant parts, removing weed plants [72], timely irrigation, organic manure, fertiliser at the recommended dose, drainage, weeding, mulching, interculture and so on are examples of cultural practices. Handpicking gregarious caterpillars and cocoons discovered on stems and destroying them in kerosene mixed water are examples of mechanical techniques. Use yellow sticky traps at a rate of 4–5 traps per acre and a light trap at 1/acre and Instal pheromone traps @ 4–5/acre for monitoring adult moth activity (replace the lures with fresh lures every 2–3 weeks) [73]. Erecting bird perches @ 25/ha for encouraging predatory birds such as King crow, common mynah, etc. [74]. Common practices such as dense orchard pruning in December, orchard and field sanitation, rogueing and the application of bio-agents such as *Metarhizium anisopliae* @ 1x 108 cfu/ml or *Beauveria bassiana* @ 108 cfu/ml on tree trunk once during toffseason and twice at 7 days intervals during the flowering season. Chemicals such as buprofezin 25% SC/ deltamethrin 2.8% EC)/ Dimethoate30% EC, imidacloprid17.8% SL, malathion 50% EC, monocrotophos 36% SL, oxydemeton–methyl 25% EC, oxydemeton–methyl 25% EC used judiciously [75].
